Exploring user engagement with real-time verbal feedback from an exoskeleton-based virtual exercise coach

Engaging users during physical exercise is crucial for fostering long-term commitment, however, sustaining that engagement remains a significant challenge. This study explores the design of a voice-enabled exoskeleton-based virtual exercise coach (VEC) that provides real-time verbal feedback to enhance user engagement. The objectives of this study are twofold: (i) to compare user engagement with real-time verbal feedback from both VEC and human exercise coach (HEC) during physical exercise, and (ii) to understand users' perceptions and gather their recommendations for improving future VEC technologies.

We developed an exoskeleton-based VEC that delivers real-time verbal feedback on users' exercise performance. To evaluate its impact on user engagement, we conducted a lab-based mixed-methods study ( $$ ) over a period of 6 weeks comparing users' engagement with the VEC and HEC using User Engagement Scale (UES) questionnaire and conducted semi-structured interviews to understand users' perceptions of the VEC.

Participants in this study found the VEC more engaging than the HEC, in terms of focused attention ( $$ ) and perceived usability ( $$ ). Post-interaction interviews revealed that (i) users found the VEC to be engaging, intuitive, easy to use, and convenient; (ii) users perceived the VEC as a valuable training companion that could help reduce the emotional insecurities often associated with going to the gym; and (iii) users expressed a desire for the VEC to have a personality and embodiment that motivates and supports personalized interactions.

Based on our results, we discuss the challenges and implications for designing future voice-enabled VECs that support engaging physical exercises.