Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

24.2K
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
24.2K
What is Weather?01:07

What is Weather?

18.2K
Overview
18.2K
What is Climate?01:16

What is Climate?

18.4K
Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.
18.4K
Threats to Biodiversity01:50

Threats to Biodiversity

22.1K
There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
22.1K
Temperature Dependence on Reaction Rate02:55

Temperature Dependence on Reaction Rate

81.2K
The Collision Theory
Atoms, molecules, or ions must collide before they can react with each other. Atoms must be close together to form chemical bonds. This premise is the basis for a theory that explains many observations regarding chemical kinetics, including factors affecting reaction rates.
The collision theory is based on the postulates that (i) the reaction rate is proportional to the rate of reactant collisions, (ii) the reacting species collide in an orientation allowing contact between...
81.2K
Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

1.1K
The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Storylines for unprecedented heatwaves based on ensemble boosting.

Nature communications·2023
Same author

An Assessment of Earth's Climate Sensitivity Using Multiple Lines of Evidence.

Reviews of geophysics (Washington, D.C. : 1985)·2020
Same author

Heat waves in Portugal: Current regime, changes in future climate and impacts on extreme wildfires.

The Science of the total environment·2018
Same author

Strong hemispheric coupling of glacial climate through freshwater discharge and ocean circulation.

Nature·2004
Same author

Bone formation by mesenchymal progenitor cells cultured on dense and microporous hydroxyapatite particles.

Tissue engineering·2003
Same author

A calculating alliance.

Conscience (Washington, D.C.)·2002

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions
06:10

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

Published on: March 31, 2023

883

Increasing probability of record-shattering climate extremes.

E M Fischer1, S Sippel1, R Knutti1

  • 1Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.

Nature Climate Change
|December 9, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Climate change is increasing the likelihood of unprecedented extreme weather events. These record-shattering extremes are more dependent on the rate of warming than the overall temperature increase.

More Related Videos

Simulating Impacts of Ice Storms on Forest Ecosystems
06:27

Simulating Impacts of Ice Storms on Forest Ecosystems

Published on: June 30, 2020

6.9K
Author Spotlight: Advancing Coral Culture - Creating a Semi-Quantitatively Controlled Microenvironment System to Counter Current Limitations
05:58

Author Spotlight: Advancing Coral Culture - Creating a Semi-Quantitatively Controlled Microenvironment System to Counter Current Limitations

Published on: July 21, 2023

1.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions
06:10

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

Published on: March 31, 2023

883
Simulating Impacts of Ice Storms on Forest Ecosystems
06:27

Simulating Impacts of Ice Storms on Forest Ecosystems

Published on: June 30, 2020

6.9K
Author Spotlight: Advancing Coral Culture - Creating a Semi-Quantitatively Controlled Microenvironment System to Counter Current Limitations
05:58

Author Spotlight: Advancing Coral Culture - Creating a Semi-Quantitatively Controlled Microenvironment System to Counter Current Limitations

Published on: July 21, 2023

1.8K

Area of Science:

  • Climate Science
  • Extreme Weather Events
  • Climate Modeling

Background:

  • Recent climate extremes have surpassed historical records significantly.
  • Societal adaptation often relies on the highest experienced intensities, making unprecedented events particularly impactful.
  • Existing adaptation strategies may be insufficient for novel extreme event magnitudes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To project the future occurrence and magnitude of record-shattering climate extremes.
  • To investigate the drivers influencing the probability of these unprecedented events.
  • To assess the pathway dependency of extreme event probability on climate change scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized climate models to simulate future climate extremes.
  • Analyzed the projected intensity and frequency of record-breaking events.
  • Quantified the relationship between warming rate, warming level, and event probability.

Main Results:

  • Climate models project more intense extremes and events breaking previous records by larger margins.
  • The probability of record-shattering extremes is strongly dependent on the rate of global warming (pathway-dependent).
  • In high-emission scenarios, week-long heat extremes breaking records by ≥3 standard deviations become significantly more probable in the 21st century.

Conclusions:

  • Record-shattering climate extremes, previously rare, are projected to become more frequent in the coming decades.
  • The pathway of greenhouse gas emissions critically influences the likelihood of these unprecedented events.
  • Northern mid-latitudes may experience such extreme heat events every 6-37 years by 2051-2080 under high-emission pathways.