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Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), a common AIDS-related cancer, frequently affects the stomach. Early diagnosis and prompt chemotherapy are crucial for remission, even with combined antiretroviral therapy (cART).

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common immunoblastic lymphoma in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
  • The stomach is a frequent extranodal site for DLBCL in this population.
  • Systemic lymphomas remain a concern in HIV-positive individuals despite advances in combined antiretroviral therapy (cART).

Observation:

  • A case report details a patient in his early 30s initially diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis and HIV.
  • The patient later presented with abdominal pain and weight loss, revealing a gastric ulcer.
  • Biopsy confirmed DLBCL as the cause of the gastric lesion.

Findings:

  • DLBCL can present as a high-grade malignancy in early stages of AIDS.
  • Gastric involvement is a significant extranodal manifestation of DLBCL in HIV-positive patients.
  • Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential for managing DLBCL in the context of HIV.

Implications:

  • Vigilant surveillance for malignancies is necessary in HIV-positive individuals, even with effective cART.
  • Early detection and timely chemotherapy initiation are critical for improving outcomes in AIDS-related DLBCL.
  • This case underscores the importance of considering DLBCL in HIV patients with gastrointestinal symptoms.