Performance of the Implant Disease Risk Assessment in Predicting Peri-Implantitis: A Retrospective Study

Area of Science:

• Dental Implantology
• Periodontology
• Biomaterials Science

Background:

• Peri-implantitis is a significant complication following dental implant placement, potentially leading to implant failure.
• Accurate risk assessment tools are crucial for early detection and prevention of peri-implantitis.
• The Implant Disease Risk Assessment (IDRA) tool was developed to predict the risk of peri-implantitis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the predictive performance of the Implant Disease Risk Assessment (IDRA) tool for peri-implantitis.
• To identify specific IDRA vectors that are most effective in predicting peri-implantitis development.

Main Methods:

• A retrospective study included patients with dental implants loaded for at least one year.
• Peri-implantitis development was assessed as the outcome.
• The IDRA score and its eight vectors were used as predictors, analyzed with Cox proportional hazards models and ROC curves (AUC).

Main Results:

• Peri-implantitis developed in 7.9% of implants and 9.4% of patients.
• High risk for 'number of sites with PD ≥ 5mm' (HR=9.8) and moderate/high risk for 'distance from RM to BC' (HR=4.8-10.0) significantly increased peri-implantitis risk.
• The IDRA tool showed an AUC of 0.66 at the implant level and 0.61 at the patient level, with good sensitivity but low specificity.

Conclusions:

• The IDRA tool demonstrates high sensitivity but limited specificity and suboptimal discriminatory capacity for predicting peri-implantitis.
• The 'number of sites with PD ≥ 5mm' and 'distance from RM to BC' are the most significant predictors of peri-implantitis.
• Further refinement of risk assessment tools may be necessary for improved peri-implantitis prediction.