Self-Reported Penicillin Allergy, Alternative Antibiotics, and Implant Outcomes: A Retrospective Study

Area of Science:

• Dental Implantology
• Pharmacology
• Clinical Research

Background:

• Investigating the impact of self-reported penicillin allergy and alternative antibiotics on dental implant success is crucial.
• Limited research exists on the association between penicillin allergy, alternative antibiotic use, and implant outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the relationship between self-reported penicillin allergy and alternative antibiotic use with post-implant surgical complications, early failure, and crestal bone loss.
• To determine if penicillin allergy is an independent risk factor for adverse implant outcomes.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective cohort study analyzing dental records of implant patients.
• Comparison of outcomes between patients with and without self-reported penicillin allergy (1:2 ratio).
• Evaluation of surgical complications, early implant failure, and preloading crestal bone loss (PLCBL), analyzed using bivariate and mixed-effects regression models.

Main Results:

• A higher prevalence of surgical complications and implant failure was observed in patients reporting penicillin allergy.
• Implants prescribed azithromycin or clindamycin showed increased surgical complications and early failure rates compared to penicillin.
• Self-reported penicillin allergy was not independently associated with surgical complications, PLCBL, or early implant failure.

Conclusions:

• Self-reported penicillin allergy did not independently impact early dental implant outcomes in this study cohort.
• Certain alternative antibiotics, such as azithromycin, were associated with increased early surgical complications.
• Further investigation in larger studies is recommended to explore the associations between alternative antibiotics and implant complications.