Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

4.2K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
4.2K
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

2.5K
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
2.5K
Regression Toward the Mean01:52

Regression Toward the Mean

6.3K
Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when...
6.3K
Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

209
Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...
209
Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

534
Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
534

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Reduced/No Dexamethasone With Netupitant/Palonosetron and Olanzapine for Chemotherapy‑Induced Nausea/Vomiting in Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy: Phase III Noninferiority Trial.

Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·2026
Same author

Association between ultra-processed food exposure and gestational diabetes mellitus by diet balance index for pregnancy in Chinese women.

Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition·2026
Same author

Global Research Trends and Knowledge Structure in Autoimmune Gastritis and <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>: A Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis (1991-2025).

Journal of inflammation research·2026
Same author

Dose-Response And Threshold Effects of a C-reactive Protein-Triglyceride-Glucose Composite Index and Endometriosis Risk: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE·2026
Same author

Development of a sarcopenia identification model for older adults with multimorbidity in Xinjiang communities, Northwest China: a cross-sectional study.

BMC geriatrics·2026
Same author

Three-dimensional passive localization of near-surface targets using a deep-sea bottom mounted horizontal array.

JASA express letters·2026
Same journal

Passive Smoking and Thyroid Diseases: Association by Mendelian Randomization Study.

Neuroendocrinology·2026
Same journal

Erratum.

Neuroendocrinology·2026
Same journal

Stress as a Neuroendocrine Modulator of the Reproductive Axis: Roles of Glucocorticoids, Kisspeptin and Serotonergic Signalling in Animal Models.

Neuroendocrinology·2026
Same journal

Pathological Classification and Clinical Characteristics of Growth Hormone-Secreting PitNETs.

Neuroendocrinology·2026
Same journal

Proximal-to-distal gradient and its implications in differentiation and prognosis in colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasms: the RGETNE-HERACLES study.

Neuroendocrinology·2026
Same journal

Inflammatory Signaling and Emotional Symptoms in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Beyond Thyroid Function Status.

Neuroendocrinology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Author Spotlight: Accurately Assessing Thyroid Hormone-Driven Motor Alterations in Mouse
04:05

Author Spotlight: Accurately Assessing Thyroid Hormone-Driven Motor Alterations in Mouse

Published on: October 6, 2023

341

Thyroid Function and Brain Structure: Insight from a Mendelian Randomization Study.

Ping Li1, Xiao Liu2, Liming Wu3

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, lplh2023@163.com.

Neuroendocrinology
|December 9, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid hormones impact brain structure. This study found that genetically predicted free thyroxine (FT4) causally influences putamen volume, a key brain region.

Keywords:
Brain structureFree thyroxineMendelian randomizationThyroid function

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
04:14

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model

Published on: October 6, 2023

768
Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis
05:41

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis

Published on: February 9, 2024

530

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Author Spotlight: Accurately Assessing Thyroid Hormone-Driven Motor Alterations in Mouse
04:05

Author Spotlight: Accurately Assessing Thyroid Hormone-Driven Motor Alterations in Mouse

Published on: October 6, 2023

341
Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
04:14

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model

Published on: October 6, 2023

768
Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis
05:41

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis

Published on: February 9, 2024

530

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones are crucial for brain development.
  • Causal links between thyroid function and specific brain structures are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal effects of thyroid function on brain structure using Mendelian randomization.
  • To identify specific thyroid hormones and brain regions involved in these associations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized univariate and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) with genome-wide association study data.
  • Assessed associations between thyroid traits (FT4, FT3, TSH) and brain structures (cortical thickness, surface area, subcortical volumes).
  • Employed inverse variance weighted and sensitivity analyses for robust results.

Main Results:

  • Genetically predicted free thyroxine (FT4) showed a significant inverse causal effect on putamen volume.
  • This association remained significant after adjusting for other thyroid hormones and neuropsychiatric disorders.
  • Functional enrichment analysis suggested thyroid hormone signaling and transport pathways are involved.

Conclusions:

  • Mendelian randomization provides evidence for a causal relationship between FT4 and putamen volume.
  • Thyroid hormones, particularly FT4, play a role in modulating brain structure.
  • Further research is needed to explore the precise mechanisms of thyroid hormone action on brain development.