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Related Concept Videos

Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
20.6K
Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

330
In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
330
Complexation Equilibria: Overview01:23

Complexation Equilibria: Overview

618
Complexation reactions take place when dative or coordinate covalent bonds form between metal ions and ligands. The compounds formed in these reactions are called coordination compounds. The number of bonds formed between the metal ion and the ligands is called its coordination number. Generally, most metal ions in an aqueous solution are solvated by water molecules and thus exist as aqua complexes.
The equilibrium constant of the complexation reaction is represented as the formation constant...
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Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

444
In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
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Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides
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Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides

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Decoupling Intrinsic Metal Ion Reduction Rates from Structural Outcomes in Multimetallic Nanoparticles.

Jacob H Smith1, Qi Luo1, Shelby L Millheim1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|December 9, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Synthesizing multimetallic nanoparticles with controlled structure and composition is now possible by manipulating precursor concentrations. This method overcomes challenges posed by differing metal reduction rates, enabling precise nanoparticle design.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • Controlling stoichiometry and atom arrangement in multimetallic nanoparticles is difficult, especially with precursors having varied reduction kinetics.
  • Traditional methods often result in phase-segregated structures due to intrinsic differences in metal precursor reduction rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a method for manipulating relative metal precursor reduction kinetics independently of their intrinsic rates.
  • To develop a quantitative model predicting optimal conditions for synthesizing multimetallic nanoparticles with controlled outcomes.
  • To achieve precise stoichiometric and structural control in nanoparticle synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Modulating instantaneous metal cation precursor concentrations by adjusting precursor addition rates.
  • Developing and applying a quantitative model to predict metal ion reduction rates based on precursor addition rates.
  • Experimentally synthesizing core@shell and alloyed nanoparticles in bimetallic (Au-Pd, Au-Pt) and quinary (Co, Ni, Cu, Pd, Pt) systems.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated independent control over relative reduction kinetics by adjusting precursor addition rates.
  • Successfully synthesized multimetallic nanoparticles with precise stoichiometric and structural control.
  • Validated the predictive model across various bimetallic and quinary systems.

Conclusions:

  • The developed approach enables the design of nanoparticle architectures irrespective of intrinsic metal ion reduction potential differences.
  • Precise stoichiometric and structural control can be achieved in multimetallic nanoparticle synthesis.
  • This method offers a versatile strategy for creating advanced nanomaterials.