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Urinary Bladder

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models

Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models

Published on: August 9, 2012

Smooth muscle spheroids: Superior building blocks for bladder tissue engineering.

Dafni Planta^1,2,3, Tim Gerwinn^1,2,3, Valentin Baumgartner³

¹Division of Pediatric Urology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials

|December 10, 2024

Summary

Three-dimensional smooth muscle cell (SMC) spheroids (3D SMCs) show superior performance in bladder tissue engineering scaffolds compared to 2D SMCs. Pre-differentiated adipose-derived stem cells (pADSCs) also show promise as an alternative cell source for pediatric bladder regeneration.

Keywords:

Bladder smooth muscle cells spheroid stem cells tissue engineering

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Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models

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Published on: August 9, 2012

3-D Cell Culture System for Studying Invasion and Evaluating Therapeutics in Bladder Cancer

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Published on: September 13, 2018

Generation of Tissue Spheroids via a 3D Printed Stamp-Like Device

Generation of Tissue Spheroids via a 3D Printed Stamp-Like Device

Published on: October 6, 2022

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Regenerative Medicine
Tissue Engineering

Background:

Congenital bladder disorders in children require novel regenerative strategies.
Conventional therapies for bladder reconstruction have limitations.
This study investigates advanced cell-based approaches for bladder tissue engineering.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the efficacy of 3D smooth muscle cell (SMC) spheroids versus 2D cultured SMCs in collagen scaffolds for bladder tissue engineering.
To evaluate the impact of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and pre-differentiated ADSCs (pADSCs) on SMC function within engineered scaffolds.
To identify optimal cell sources and culture techniques for pediatric bladder regeneration.

Main Methods:

Smooth muscle cells were cultured as 2D monolayers or 3D spheroids.
Cells were seeded onto compressed collagen scaffolds, creating monocultures and co-cultures with ADSCs or pADSCs.
Scaffold constructs were analyzed after 2 weeks for cell distribution, proliferation, and expression of contractile markers using immunofluorescence and qRT-PCR.

Main Results:

3D SMC spheroids demonstrated significantly enhanced cell distribution, proliferation, and contractile marker expression within collagen scaffolds compared to 2D SMCs.
Co-culture with pADSCs improved contractile marker expression in SMCs, although not to the level of 3D SMC monoculture.
ADSCs alone had a minimal effect on SMC proliferation and maturation.

Conclusions:

Collagen scaffolds seeded with 3D SMC spheroids represent a superior construct for bladder tissue engineering.
3D SMC spheroids are recommended as the optimal cell source for bladder tissue regeneration.
pADSCs hold potential as a viable alternative cell source, offering valuable insights for pediatric bladder repair strategies.