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Related Concept Videos

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class II Agents as β-Adrenergic Blockers01:24

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class II Agents as β-Adrenergic Blockers

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Adrenergic stimulation generally impacts cardiac rate and rhythm. Specifically, stimulation of the β-adrenoceptors triggers an increase in intracellular calcium ion influx and pacemaker currents, which may cause arrhythmias. Catecholamines like adrenaline also demonstrate β2-adrenoceptor-mediated hypokalemia, impacting cardiac action potential and disrupting the normal cardiac rhythm. Class II antiarrhythmic drugs are β-adrenoceptor antagonists or β-blockers, which...
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Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class I Agents as Sodium Channel Blockers01:22

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class I Agents as Sodium Channel Blockers

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Class I antiarrhythmic drugs are used to treat various types of arrhythmias or irregular heart rhythms. These drugs block the sodium (Na+) channels in the cardiac cells, thereby affecting the movement of electrical impulses across the heart. Class I antiarrhythmic drugs are divided into three subgroups: Class IA, Class IB, and Class IC, each with distinct mechanisms of action and effects on the heart.
Class 1A Antiarrhythmic Drugs: These drugs work by moderately blocking sodium channels,...
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Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class IV Agents as Calcium Channel Blockers01:20

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class IV Agents as Calcium Channel Blockers

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Class IV antiarrhythmic drugs, such as verapamil and diltiazem, block calcium channels. They primarily affect the heart, slowing the conduction in calcium-dependent tissues like the SA and AV nodes. These drugs manage reentrant supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and reduce ventricular rate in atrial flutter/fibrillation.
Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, inhibits calcium movement across myocardial cell membranes and vascular smooth muscle. This results in the dilation of coronary and...
778
Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class III Agents as Potassium Channel Blockers01:12

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class III Agents as Potassium Channel Blockers

909
Class III antiarrhythmic drugs are a group of medications that can prolong action potentials in the heart. They achieve this by blocking potassium channels or enhancing inward currents from sodium channels. However, these drugs have a unique property of "reverse use-dependence," which is most pronounced at slower heart rates and can lead to torsades de pointes—a specific type of arrhythmia. However, it is essential to note that excessive QT interval prolongation—a measure of...
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Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management

4
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is characterized by retrograde blood circulation from the left ventricle into the left atrium due to inadequate mitral valve closure. The severity of the condition, symptoms, and underlying cause determine treatment strategies.Monitoring and Pharmacological TreatmentPatients with mild to moderate MR typically do not need immediate intervention but regular monitoring to assess progression and guide treatment. Patients with mild MR should have an echocardiogram every 3-5...
4
Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

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IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation
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Reassessing Ivabradine: Potential Benefits and Risks in Atrial Fibrillation Therapy.

Dorsa Alijanzadeh1, Shahrzad Moghim2, Paniz Zarand3

  • 1Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy
|December 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Ivabradine effectively lowers heart rate in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients but increases the risk of developing new-onset AF. Further research is needed on optimal dosing and long-term effects.

Keywords:
Antiarrhythmic drugsAtrial fibrillationIvabradineRate controlSinoatrial node

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The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Atrial Fibrillation
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Ivabradine inhibits the sinoatrial node funny current (If), aiding chronic heart failure and angina management.
  • Its role in atrial fibrillation (AF) management is under investigation, focusing on its mechanism and clinical impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review ivabradine's mechanism of action.
  • To evaluate current evidence on ivabradine's association with new-onset AF.
  • To assess its potential for rate control in AF patients.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of preclinical studies, case reports, and clinical trials.
  • Assessment of ivabradine's heart rate control efficacy.
  • Evaluation of ivabradine's association with new-onset AF.

Main Results:

  • Ivabradine shows efficacy in ventricular rate reduction for AF patients intolerant to standard therapies.
  • Ivabradine use in cardiovascular disease patients correlated with a higher incidence of new-onset AF.

Conclusions:

  • Ivabradine offers potential for AF rate control but carries a significant risk of new-onset AF.
  • Further studies are essential to determine optimal dosing and long-term outcomes for ivabradine in AF management.