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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
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A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis
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Immunodeficiencies in Foals.

K Gary Magdesian1

  • 1Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, 1 Garrod Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice
|December 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neonatal immunodeficiencies increase foal sepsis and recurrent infections. Failure of passive transfer is the most common acquired immunodeficiency in foals, impacting their overall health.

Keywords:
AgammaglobulinemiaFailure of passive transferFoalHypoglobulinemiaImmune deficiency

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal medicine
  • Immunology
  • Veterinary science

Background:

  • Immunodeficiencies are critical in neonatal medicine, predisposing newborns and foals to sepsis and recurrent infections.
  • Failure of passive transfer is the most prevalent acquired immunodeficiency in neonatal foals.
  • Congenital immunodeficiencies can be transient or permanent, affecting cell-mediated, humoral, or both immune pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significance of understanding immunodeficiencies in neonatal foals.
  • To discuss the common causes and clinical presentations of immunodeficiencies in foals.
  • To emphasize the impact of immunodeficiencies on foal health and susceptibility to infections.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on equine neonatal immunology.
  • Analysis of clinical cases presenting with recurrent infections in foals.
  • Categorization of immunodeficiencies into acquired and congenital types.

Main Results:

  • Failure of passive transfer is a primary cause of acquired immunodeficiency in foals.
  • Congenital immunodeficiencies can manifest in various forms, affecting different arms of the immune system.
  • Affected foals frequently suffer from chronic respiratory or gastrointestinal infections, often caused by opportunistic pathogens.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding neonatal immunodeficiencies is essential for effective management and treatment of foal infections.
  • Early identification and intervention for immunodeficient foals can improve outcomes.
  • Further research into specific congenital immunodeficiencies in foals is warranted.