Development of New Surgical Training for Full Endoscopic Surgery Using 3D-Printed Models

Area of Science:

• Spine Surgery
• Medical Education
• 3D Printing Technology

Background:

• Full endoscopic spine surgery (FESS) is expanding globally but presents a steep learning curve.
• Traditional FESS training methods, such as live pigs or cadavers, are costly and have limited availability.
• Novel training tools are needed to improve accessibility and efficiency in FESS education.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and evaluate three-dimensional (3D)-printed models for endoscopic spine surgery training.
• To assess the utility of 3D-printed models in simulating anatomical structures and surgical scenarios.
• To determine if 3D-printed models can aid in reducing the learning curve for FESS.

Main Methods:

• 3D models were created from computed tomography (CT) scan data with 1.0-mm slices.
• Different colored materials were used for distinct anatomical parts in the 3D printing process.
• The integrated 3D-printed models were incorporated into a full endoscopy training kit.

Main Results:

• 3D-printed models accurately replicate pathologies like lumbar disc herniation, aiding surgical training and preoperative planning.
• Multi-colored models facilitate surgical orientation and recognition of anatomical structures.
• These models allow for easy confirmation of bone resection and practice of endoscopic techniques, including nerve retraction.
• Limitations include the lack of tactile feedback, inability to simulate bleeding, and challenges in replicating soft tissue characteristics and certain pathologies.

Conclusions:

• 3D-printed models serve as a valuable adjunct to traditional training methods like cadavers and live pigs for endoscopic spine surgery.
• These models can potentially decrease the time and resources needed to achieve proficiency in endoscopic spine surgery skills.