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Targeting DTX2/UFD1-mediated FTO degradation to regulate antitumor immunity.

Yan-Hong Cui1, Jiangbo Wei2,3, Hao Fan4

  • 1Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|December 11, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Vitamin E succinate (VES) degrades the FTO protein, a key factor in tumor growth and immunotherapy resistance. This discovery offers a new dietary strategy to inhibit cancer progression and enhance treatment effectiveness.

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DTX2FTOUFD1m6A RNA methylationubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) is an m6A RNA demethylase implicated in tumor growth and immunotherapy resistance.
  • Understanding FTO's regulatory mechanisms is crucial for developing novel cancer therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of vitamin E succinate (VES) in regulating FTO protein levels.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanism by which VES affects FTO.
  • To evaluate the therapeutic potential of VES in suppressing tumor growth and overcoming immunotherapy resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the interaction between VES, FTO, and its E3 ligase DTX2.
  • Assessed FTO ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation.
  • Utilized mouse models to evaluate tumor growth and immunotherapy response.
  • Analyzed m6A methylation levels and mRNA decay of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF).

Main Results:

  • VES enhances the interaction between FTO and DTX2, promoting FTO ubiquitination and degradation.
  • VES treatment suppressed tumor growth and improved antitumor immunity and immunotherapy response in vivo.
  • FTO knockdown or VES treatment increased m6A methylation of LIF and decreased its mRNA decay.
  • Melanoma cells were sensitized to T cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

Conclusions:

  • Vitamin E succinate (VES) acts as a dietary degrader of the FTO protein.
  • VES inhibits tumor growth and overcomes immunotherapy resistance by promoting FTO degradation.
  • This study identifies a novel therapeutic strategy targeting FTO for cancer treatment.