Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Acute Respiratory Failure-I01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-I

167
Acute respiratory failure is a condition characterized by the inability of the lungs to perform their primary function: gas exchange. This failure leads to insufficient oxygen levels (hypoxemia) in the blood, elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia), or both, causing critical impairment in organ function.
Definition: It is defined by specific criteria based on blood gas measurements. Hypoxemia happens when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) falls below 60 mmHg. At the same time,...
167
Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

174
Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
174
Acute Respiratory Failure-V01:29

Acute Respiratory Failure-V

123
The treatment for acute respiratory failure varies based on factors like the underlying cause, overall health, and severity. A collaborative healthcare team is essential for early detection, often through arterial blood gas analysis. Identifying the cause is the primary goal, with treatment strategies adjusted for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunting, or diffusion impairment.
Ensure that patients are monitored continuously for their response to therapy, including changes in...
123
Acute Respiratory Failure-IV01:23

Acute Respiratory Failure-IV

126
Respiratory failure can manifest suddenly or gradually, characterized by a rapid decline in PaO2 and a rapid rise in PaCO2. This situation indicates a severe respiratory problem that may quickly become a life-threatening emergency. One of the early signs of hypoxemic Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) is a change in mental status due to the brain's sensitivity to oxygen levels and changes in acid-base balance. Symptoms such as restlessness, confusion, and agitation suggest inadequate oxygen...
126
Respiratory Assessment: Purpose and Indications01:19

Respiratory Assessment: Purpose and Indications

1.0K
Respiratory assessment is a cornerstone of nursing assessments, crucial for the early detection of patient deterioration. This evaluation transcends routine procedures, representing a critical skill nurses must master to ensure optimal patient care.
Objectives and Importance:
The primary goal of respiratory assessment is to evaluate patients at early risk of clinical deterioration. Since respiratory distress often precedes other signs of declining health, breathing patterns and sounds become a...
1.0K
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure01:16

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure

172
Oxygen therapy has emerged as a significant tool in enhancing the quality of life for patients suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While this therapy has principally been studied on patients with significant hypoxemia, this therapeutic approach helps prevent potential organ damage and can be administered in the comfort of one's home.
Oxygen therapy is vital in increasing and maintaining blood oxygen levels in PAH patients. As a result, it aids in reducing fatigue,...
172

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Lung Imaging in Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure: From Physics to Bedside Applications.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same author

Corrigendum to 'Morphine and hydromorphone pharmacodynamics in human volunteers: population-based modelling of interindividual response variability and utility' (Br J Anaesth 2026; 136: 1459-71).

British journal of anaesthesia·2026
Same author

Tracking the energetics of mechanical ventilation: real-time patient-ventilator interaction.

Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)·2026
Same author

Acid-base balance and respiratory mechanics during robotic-assisted surgery: an observational study.

Journal of robotic surgery·2026
Same author

Defining the Resolution of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Missing Piece in Critical Care.

Critical care medicine·2026
Same author

Effects of High-Flow Nasal Cannula and Helmet Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure.

Critical care medicine·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ARDS
06:22

Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ARDS

Published on: April 7, 2021

3.4K

Rethinking ARDS classification: oxygenation impairment fails to predict VILI risk.

Giulia Catozzi1,2, Tommaso Pozzi2, Domenico Nocera1,3

  • 1Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.

Intensive Care Medicine
|December 11, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) severity based on oxygenation does not predict ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) risk. Mechanical power and driving pressure are better indicators of VILI, suggesting a shift in respiratory support recommendations.

Keywords:
ARDS severityGas exchangeMechanical powerRespiratory mechanicsVentilator-induced lung injury

More Related Videos

Oleic Acid-Injection in Pigs As a Model for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
06:06

Oleic Acid-Injection in Pigs As a Model for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Published on: October 26, 2018

9.8K
An Educational Video Demonstration of How to Prone a Critically Ill Intubated Patient
07:16

An Educational Video Demonstration of How to Prone a Critically Ill Intubated Patient

Published on: November 30, 2022

3.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ARDS
06:22

Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ARDS

Published on: April 7, 2021

3.4K
Oleic Acid-Injection in Pigs As a Model for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
06:06

Oleic Acid-Injection in Pigs As a Model for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Published on: October 26, 2018

9.8K
An Educational Video Demonstration of How to Prone a Critically Ill Intubated Patient
07:16

An Educational Video Demonstration of How to Prone a Critically Ill Intubated Patient

Published on: November 30, 2022

3.1K

Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Respiratory Physiology

Background:

  • Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) management relies on oxygenation metrics (PaO2/FiO2).
  • Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is a significant complication linked to respiratory mechanics and ventilator settings.
  • The relationship between ARDS severity defined by oxygenation and VILI risk remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if ARDS severity, categorized by oxygenation (PaO2/FiO2), correlates with the risk of VILI.
  • To compare VILI predictors, such as mechanical power ratio (MPR) and driving pressure (DP), with oxygenation-based ARDS severity.
  • To determine if oxygenation impairment accurately reflects VILI prerequisites and determinants.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 228 ARDS patients with PaO2/FiO2 < 200 mmHg.
  • Categorization into severity groups based on PaO2/FiO2 ratio and tertiles of MPR and DP.
  • Assessment of CT anatomy, gas exchange, respiratory mechanics, VILI prerequisites (lung elastance, lung gas volume), and VILI determinants (tidal volume, PEEP, airway pressures).

Main Results:

  • VILI predictors (MPR, DP) were similar across oxygenation-based ARDS severity groups.
  • Oxygenation levels were comparable across different VILI risk levels defined by MPR and DP.
  • Oxygenation impairment correlated with increased lung weight and reduced well-inflated tissue, while MPR and DP tertiles affected lung size indicators (lung gas volume, well-inflated tissue).
  • Mechanical ventilation intensity increased with MPR and DP tertiles but not with oxygenation-based severity.

Conclusions:

  • ARDS severity, as determined by oxygenation impairment, does not adequately represent the prerequisites and determinants of VILI.
  • Current recommendations for respiratory support based solely on oxygenation may need reevaluation.
  • VILI determinants like MPR and DP should be considered for guiding respiratory support in ARDS.