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Economic Evaluations of Worksite Health Centers: A Systematic Review
Hanzi Jiang1, Tim Schwirtlich, Molly Beestrum
1From the Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (H.J., T.S., M.M.); Galter Health Sciences Library, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (M.B.); Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (D.D.F.); and Department of Veterans Affairs Health System Research Service, Hines, Illinois (D.D.F.).
Objective:
The aim of the study was to systematically review the cost-effectiveness or return on investment (ROI) from worksite health centers (WHCs) in the US.
Methods:
We searched four databases and the gray literature for studies that conducted economic evaluation and provided economic outcomes of US-based WHCs. The quality and risk of bias were assessed using JBI Critical Appraisal Tools of Economic Evaluations.
Results:
Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. Nine reported WHCs were cost-effective or yielded positive ROI for employers, with annual cost savings per WHC ranging from $35,479 to $2,124,723 and ROI from $1.09 to $15.88 per $1 of investment. Key contributors to higher ROI included company size, utilization, and duration of operations.
Conclusions:
WHCs may provide economic savings for large employers. Future studies should consider clinical effectiveness and service quality and investigate the specific mechanisms driving employer cost savings.
Protocol Registration:
PROSPERO (CRD42024506086).
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