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Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...

Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests

Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
The edrophonium test is a diagnostic tool for myasthenia gravis. It involves...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advanced Integrated Model for Sepsis-Induced Myopathy and Single-Cell Metabolic Analysis

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Published on: June 14, 2024

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Myositis Causing Severe Ptosis: A Case Report.

Nadine A Abdeljabbar¹, Sabrina Genovese¹, Mohamed B Haradwala¹

¹Department of Neurology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, USA.

|December 12, 2024

Summary

Pembrolizumab can cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs) like ptosis, myositis, and myocarditis in urothelial carcinoma patients. Early detection and aggressive treatment with steroids and plasma exchange are crucial for managing these potentially severe complications.

Area of Science:

Oncology
Immunology
Neurology

Background:

Pembrolizumab is an immune checkpoint inhibitor used for metastatic urothelial carcinoma.

Keywords:

eyelid ptosis high-dose steroids immune-checkpoint inhibitor (ici)immune-related adverse events (iraes)keytruda induced myositis myesthenia gravis neuromuscular junction disorders plasma exchange therapy

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While effective, it carries risks of immune-related adverse events (irAEs).

Distinguishing irAEs from other conditions can be challenging.