Exosomes in stroke management: A promising paradigm shift in stroke therapy

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Regenerative Medicine
• Biotechnology

Background:

• Stroke is a leading cause of death with limited effective treatments.
• Exosome therapy, an acellular approach, shows potential but lacks clinical evidence for stroke.
• This review examines exosome applications in stroke treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the progress of exosome applications in stroke therapy.
• To elucidate the potential value of exosomes for clinical translation in stroke.
• To provide a reference for future exosome-based stroke treatments.

Main Methods:

• Review of preclinical and ongoing studies on exosome therapy for stroke.
• Analysis of exosome modification techniques (physical, chemical, genetic).
• Exploration of novel delivery routes, including the ventricular-meningeal lymphatic system.

Main Results:

• Exosomes, often derived from stem cells, can be modified to enhance efficacy.
• In stroke models, exosome therapy reduces neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and cell death.
• Exosomes promote angiogenesis, white matter repair, and neural stem cell activity.

Conclusions:

• Exosome therapy demonstrates significant potential for transforming stroke treatment paradigms.
• Further research and clinical translation are warranted.
• Modified exosomes offer a promising therapeutic avenue for cerebrovascular diseases.