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Validity of a Classification System for the Levels of Maternal Care
Jennifer Vanderlaan1, Jay Shen, Ian K McDonough
1School of Nursing, the School of Public Health, and the Department of Economics, Lee Business School, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada.
The American Hospital Association Database can classify maternal care levels, aiding research into risk-appropriate maternal care. High-risk patients and transfers are more likely to deliver at higher-level, larger, or teaching hospitals.
Area of Science:
- Healthcare research
- Maternal health services
- Hospital quality assessment
Background:
- The American Hospital Association Database is a valuable resource for healthcare research.
- Accurate classification of maternal care levels is crucial for studying risk-appropriate care.
- Previous research has not fully assessed the validity of this database for maternal care research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the content validity of the maternal level of care classification within the American Hospital Association Database.
- To determine if the database's classification accurately reflects hospital characteristics relevant to maternal care.
- To support the use of this database for future research on maternal risk-appropriate care.
Main Methods:
- Secondary data analysis using the 2018 American Hospital Association Database.
- Linking maternal care levels to birth hospitalizations from State Inpatient Databases (2016-2017) across five states.
- Comparing maternal care level classifications with hospital characteristics (volume, size, teaching status) and patient factors (high Obstetric Comorbidity Index, hospital transfers).
Main Results:
- Patients with high Obstetric Comorbidity Index (OCI) scores and inter-hospital transfers showed increased odds of delivery at higher-level (III/IV), large, or teaching hospitals.
- The probability of delivery at the highest-level hospital increased by 4.9% for high OCI patients and 5.2% for transferred patients when considering Level III/IV care.
- Adjusted analyses controlled for maternal race, rural residence, primary payer, and state.
Conclusions:
- The American Hospital Association Database provides a valid method for classifying maternal level of care.
- This classification can be reliably used by researchers to investigate maternal risk-appropriate care.
- Findings support the utility of the database for studying disparities and outcomes in maternal healthcare.
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