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Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...

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Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Establishment of Cancer Stem Cell Cultures from Human Conventional Osteosarcoma

Establishment of Cancer Stem Cell Cultures from Human Conventional Osteosarcoma

Published on: October 14, 2016

Pediatric Mesenchymal Tumors.

Omar Aljuboori¹, Ali G Saad²

¹University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Holtz, Miami, FL.

Advances in Anatomic Pathology

|December 13, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric mesenchymal tumors, including vascular, fibrous, and myogenic types, present diagnostic challenges due to overlapping features. Molecular analysis is crucial for accurate classification and understanding the pathogenesis of these challenging pediatric neoplasms.

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Area of Science:

Pediatric oncology
Surgical pathology
Molecular diagnostics

Background:

Mesenchymal tumors in children, encompassing vascular, fibrous/myofibroblastic, and myogenic types, are common.
These tumors frequently exhibit overlapping morphological and immunophenotypic characteristics, complicating accurate diagnosis and classification.
Advances in immunohistochemistry aid differentiation, but some neoplasms remain challenging to categorize.

Purpose of the Study:

To review common pediatric mesenchymal neoplasms.
To highlight key histologic features, immunoprofiles, and molecular characteristics.
To provide a practical overview for diagnostic challenges in pediatric mesenchymal tumors.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on pediatric mesenchymal neoplasms.
Analysis of diagnostic challenges, including morphology and immunophenotype.
Emphasis on the role of molecular investigations in classification and understanding pathogenesis.

Main Results:

Significant overlap in morphology and immunophenotype complicates diagnosis.
Immunohistochemistry offers some diagnostic clarity but limitations exist.
Molecular investigations are increasingly vital, identifying new tumor entities (e.g., EWING family tumors, CIC-rearranged sarcoma, BCOR-rearranged sarcoma).

Conclusions:

Accurate classification of pediatric mesenchymal tumors requires integrating histologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular data.
Molecular abnormalities are essential for diagnosing certain sarcomas.
This review emphasizes the importance of molecular characterization for understanding and diagnosing pediatric mesenchymal neoplasms.