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Related Concept Videos

Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
Myocarditis III: Medical Management01:14

Myocarditis III: Medical Management

Myocarditis: Comprehensive Medical ManagementMyocarditis, the heart muscle inflammation, requires a comprehensive medical management strategy that addresses the underlying cause, provides supportive care, manages symptoms, and reduces cardiac workload.Infections and Autoimmune CausesAdminister appropriate antimicrobial therapy when an infectious agent causes myocarditis. For instance, penicillin treats infections caused by Group A Streptococcus. In cases where autoimmune processes are...
Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Activation and Measurement of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity Using IL-1β in Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells
09:04

Activation and Measurement of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity Using IL-1β in Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells

Published on: May 22, 2014

LDLR-OPN Interaction Drives COVID-19 Myocarditis Through Monocyte Recruitment.

Jose Manuel Condor Capcha1, Emely Robleto1, Nadia Martinez Naya1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.

JACC. Basic to Translational Science
|May 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified a new mechanism driving COVID-19 myocarditis involving the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and osteopontin. Targeting this pathway offers a promising therapeutic strategy for viral myocarditis.

Keywords:
COVID-19GSDMDLDLROPNSARS-CoV-2myocarditis

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Published on: May 7, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Immunology
  • Virology

Background:

  • COVID-19-associated myocarditis involves macrophage inflammation and poor outcomes, but underlying mechanisms are not fully understood.
  • Understanding the molecular drivers of viral myocarditis is crucial for developing effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms of COVID-19-associated myocarditis.
  • To develop a reproducible mouse model for studying viral myocarditis.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets for COVID-19 myocarditis.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a BSL-2 mouse model using AAV9-cTnT-hLDLR and chimeric SARS-CoV-2 infection in K18-hACE2 mice.
  • Investigated the interaction between low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and osteopontin.
  • Assessed the efficacy of LDLR degradation and dimethyl fumarate treatment.
  • Analyzed human autopsy hearts from myocarditis patients.

Main Results:

  • Achieved 100% penetrance of macrophage-predominant myocarditis with cardiomyocyte necrosis and pyroptosis in the mouse model.
  • Discovered a high-affinity interaction between LDLR (CR2-CR5 domains) and osteopontin, driving monocyte recruitment.
  • LDLR degradation completely prevented myocarditis; dimethyl fumarate reduced pyroptosis and inflammation.
  • Human myocarditis hearts showed significant LDLR and ICAM-1 upregulation, mirroring mouse findings.

Conclusions:

  • The LDLR-osteopontin axis is a key mechanistic driver of COVID-19 myocarditis.
  • Targeting LDLR degradation presents a viable therapeutic strategy for viral myocarditis.
  • The developed mouse model serves as a translational platform for studying and treating viral myocarditis.