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Burning Mouth Syndrome Underlying Factors: A Roadmap From a Network Perspective
Oscar Gabriel Castaño-Joaqui1, Laura Jiménez Ortega2,3,4, Rocío Cerero Lapiedra5
1Department of Conservative Dentistry and Bucofacial Prosthesis, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Oral Diseases
|December 14, 2024
Summary
Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is linked to gastrointestinal issues and vitamin D deficiency. Cortisol plays a mediating role, while central sensitization symptoms may predict BMS.
Area of Science:
- Oral Medicine
- Psychoneuroimmunology
- Nutritional Science
Background:
- Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is a complex orofacial pain condition with poorly understood etiology.
- Multifactorial influences including biological, psychological, and social aspects are suspected in BMS pathogenesis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the intricate relationships between biological, psychological, and social factors contributing to Burning Mouth Syndrome.
- To identify key variables and their associative pathways in the development and manifestation of BMS.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study involving 82 participants (40 cases, 42 controls).
- Analysis of 80 variables using network models based on regularized partial correlations.
- Investigation of direct and indirect associations between various factors and BMS.
Main Results:
- Direct associations with BMS included gastrointestinal alterations, vitamin D deficiency, musculoskeletal alterations, and Symptom Severity Score 2 (SSS2).
- Cortisol variation showed a direct association and mediated pathways between physical and psychological factors.
- SSS2 emerged as the most influential factor for BMS prediction.
Conclusions:
- Gastrointestinal alterations and vitamin D deficiency significantly influence BMS.
- Cortisol mediates complex interactions between physical, nutritional, sleep, and cognitive factors in BMS.
- While psychological factors like anxiety and depression are related, central sensitization symptoms show the most predictive potential for BMS.
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