Systemic Antibiotic Prophylaxis Adjunctive to Surgical Reconstructive Peri-Implantitis Treatment: A Retrospective...

Area of Science:

• Dental Implantology
• Periodontology
• Oral Surgery

Background:

• Peri-implantitis is a prevalent complication following dental implant placement.
• Surgical reconstructive treatment aims to manage peri-implantitis, but its efficacy can be influenced by adjunctive therapies.
• The role of systemic antibiotic prophylaxis in enhancing surgical outcomes for peri-implantitis remains debated.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the clinical efficacy of systemic antibiotic prophylaxis when administered alongside surgical reconstructive treatment for peri-implantitis.
• To compare outcomes between patients receiving no antibiotics, preoperative antibiotics, and postoperative antibiotics.

Main Methods:

• A prospective study involving 49 patients (70 implants) with peri-implantitis undergoing surgical treatment.
• Patients were divided into three groups: no systemic antibiotics (No-Ab), single preoperative dose (Pre-op), or 3-day postoperative course (Post-op) of amoxicillin.
• Clinical parameters including probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index (PI), suppuration (Sup), and maximum PD were assessed at baseline, 6, and 12 months.

Main Results:

• After 12 months, mean PD reduction was comparable across all groups (-1.74 mm in No-Ab, -1.91 mm in Pre-op, -1.13 mm in Post-op), with no statistically significant differences.
• Reductions in BOP, PI, Sup, and max PD were also similar among the No-Ab, Pre-op, and Post-op groups.
• Disease resolution rates at 12 months were 61.5% (No-Ab), 73.7% (Pre-op), and 89.5% (Post-op), with no significant differences observed between the groups.

Conclusions:

• Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis, whether preoperative or postoperative, did not demonstrate a significant improvement in clinical outcomes for surgical reconstructive peri-implantitis treatment.
• The findings suggest that adjunctive systemic antibiotics may not be essential for achieving favorable results in this treatment context.
• Further research could explore specific patient subgroups or alternative antibiotic regimens.