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Measurement of Blood Pressure

Measurement of Blood Pressure

Assessing blood pressure is a standard procedure executed in virtually all medical environments. The method utilized today was established over a hundred years ago by an innovative Russian doctor, Dr. Nikolai Korotkoff. The soft ticking noise, known as Korotkoff sounds, heard while taking blood pressure readings results from turbulent blood flow within the vessels. The apparatus required for this procedure includes a sphygmomanometer, a blood pressure cuff attached to a gauge, and a...

Alterations in Blood Pressure

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Alterations in blood pressure, such as hypertension (high blood pressure) and hypotension (low blood pressure), significantly affect human health. Understanding these conditions' classifications, causes, and symptoms is essential for effective management and treatment.
Hypertension (High blood pressure)
Hypertension occurs when blood pressure readings consistently exceed the normal range. It is diagnosed when systolic blood pressure (the top number, indicating pressure while the heart...

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure

Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...

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Normal blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg. Elevated blood pressure is 120-129/under 80 mm Hg. Hypertension, warranting treatment at 130/80 mm Hg, is often asymptomatic and can lead to severe cardiovascular events, aneurysms, peripheral arterial disease, chronic renal disease, or cardiac...

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

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Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's...

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Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...

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Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Tilt Testing with Combined Lower Body Negative Pressure: a "Gold Standard" for Measuring Orthostatic Tolerance

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Paroxysmal Hypertension: A Grave Cause.

Shyam S Kothari¹, Sahil Agarwal², Vishal Sharma³

¹Professor, U N Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India, Corresponding Author.

The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India

|December 15, 2024

Summary

A rare cause of paroxysmal hypertension was identified in a patient initially diagnosed with hypertensive encephalopathy. This case highlights the importance of thorough clinical evaluation over high-technology diagnostics alone.

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Echocardiographic Assessment Using Subxiphoid-Only Examination for Hypotensive Patients

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Published on: April 18, 2025

Area of Science:

Neurology
Critical Care Medicine

Background:

Hypertensive encephalopathy is a neurological emergency characterized by severely elevated blood pressure.
Paroxysmal hypertension can present diagnostic challenges, especially in critically ill patients.

Observation:

A 62-year-old female patient on a ventilator experienced recurrent episodes of severe hypertension with normal oxygen saturation.
Initial diagnosis was hypertensive encephalopathy, prompting extensive investigations.

Findings:

A thorough diagnostic workup eventually revealed an uncommon underlying cause for the patient's hypertensive episodes.
The unusual etiology was overlooked due to the premature assumption of hypertensive encephalopathy.

Implications:

This case underscores the critical role of detailed patient history and physical examination in complex medical cases.
Over-reliance on advanced technology without integrating fundamental clinical skills can lead to diagnostic delays or errors.