In vitro evidence for an intracellular mechanism limiting the thyroid follicular cell growth response to thyrotropin

The purpose of this study was to further investigate the mechanism that limits thyroid growth in the presence of a sustained elevation of serum TSH. An in vitro thyroid follicle culture was used, thyroid function and growth being assessed by 131I- organification and [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA, respectively. Normal thyroid follicles incorporated [3H]thymidine in response to added TSH and also organified 131I-. Follicles taken from rats previously given goitrogen for 80 days, however, organified 131I- in response to added TSH but did not incorporate [3H]thymidine. These in vitro results parallel those obtained in in vivo studies despite the disruption of thyroid architecture. We conclude that the growth desensitization seen in vivo during sustained serum TSH elevation is mediated by an intracellular change in the follicular cell (either at the receptor or postreceptor level) rather than by a locally acting chalone.