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Radical Substitution: Hydrogenolysis of Alkyl Halides with Tributyltin Hydride

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Radical substitution reactions can be used to remove functional groups from molecules. The hydrogenolysis of alkyl halides is one such reaction, where the weak Sn–H bond in tributyltin hydride reacts with alkyl halides to form alkanes. Here, the reagent Bu3SnH yields tributyltin halide as a byproduct.
The bonds formed in this reaction are stronger than the bonds broken, making it energetically favorable. The reaction follows a radical chain mechanism similar to radical halogenation...

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Flash Infrared Annealing for Perovskite Solar Cell Processing

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Ameliorating Defects in Wide Bandgap Tin Perovskite Solar Cells Using Fluorinated Solvent and Hydrazide.

Dhruba B Khadka¹, Yasuhiro Shirai¹, Ryoji Sahara²

¹Photovoltaic Materials Group, Center for GREEN Research on Energy and Environmental Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|December 16, 2024

Summary

Surface passivation using 4-Fluoro-benzohydrazide (F-BHZ) enhances wide bandgap-perovskite solar cell (WB-Sn-PSC) performance and stability. This molecular engineering approach mitigates defects and improves carrier lifetime for efficient solar energy conversion.

Keywords:

device stability lead‐free surface passivation tandem device tin oxidation wide bandgap tin perovskite

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Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance

Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance

Published on: February 27, 2017

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Renewable Energy
Photovoltaics

Background:

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) offer promising photovoltaic performance.
Defects and instability hinder the commercialization of PSCs.
Surface passivation is a key strategy to address these challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

To fabricate and investigate a wide bandgap-tin perovskite solar cell (WB-Sn-PSC).
To improve the performance and stability of WB-Sn-PSCs using molecular surface passivation.
To understand the mechanism of passivation by 4-Fluoro-benzohydrazide (F-BHZ).

Main Methods:

Fabrication of WB-Sn-HP perovskite films.
Surface passivation treatment using 4-Fluoro-benzohydrazide (F-BHZ).
Device characterization and stability testing.
Theoretical calculations to support experimental findings.

Main Results:

Achieved a device efficiency of 11.14% for the WB-Sn-PSC.
Demonstrated improved device stability after F-BHZ passivation.
Observed enhanced film properties, longer carrier lifetime, and defect mitigation.
Confirmed stronger molecular interactions and controlled Sn2+ oxidation.

Conclusions:

4-Fluoro-benzohydrazide (F-BHZ) is an effective multifunctional passivating molecule for WB-Sn-PSCs.
Molecular engineering of perovskite surfaces significantly enhances device performance and stability.
This approach holds potential for advancing perovskite solar cell technology.