Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Evaluation of the Cognitive Performance of Hypertensive Patients with Silent Cerebrovascular Lesions
07:30

Evaluation of the Cognitive Performance of Hypertensive Patients with Silent Cerebrovascular Lesions

Published on: April 23, 2021

2.9K

Cardiometabolic Outcomes in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: An International Matched-Cohort Study

Ahmed Y Azzam1, Muhammed Amir Essibayi1,2, Dhrumil Vaishnav1,2

  • 1Montefiore-Einstein Cerebrovascular Research Lab, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.

Medrxiv : the Preprint Server for Health Sciences
|December 16, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) significantly increases risks for stroke and metabolic conditions like type 2 diabetes, even in non-obese individuals. This suggests IIH is a multisystem disorder requiring broader screening.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is traditionally considered a neuro-ophthalmic condition.
  • Emerging evidence suggests IIH has wider systemic effects beyond neurological symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between IIH and cardiometabolic outcomes.
  • To analyze cardiovascular and metabolic risks in IIH patients compared to matched controls.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of electronic health records (2009-2024).
  • Propensity score matching for age, sex, race, ethnicity, and BMI.
  • Ten-year follow-up for cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes.
  • Stratified analyses for obese and non-obese subgroups.

Main Results:

  • IIH patients showed increased risks of ischemic stroke/TIA (RR 2.515) and non-traumatic hemorrhagic stroke (RR 7.744).
  • Elevated risks of insulin resistance (RR 1.470) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (RR 1.210) were observed.
  • Associations persisted in non-obese IIH patients, indicating mechanisms independent of BMI.
  • Increased prevalence of polycystic ovarian syndrome (RR 1.470) and metabolic syndrome (RR 1.125) in IIH patients.

Conclusions:

  • IIH is a multisystem disorder with significant cardiometabolic implications.
  • Comprehensive cardiovascular and metabolic screening is recommended for all IIH patients, irrespective of BMI.
  • Findings suggest potential novel therapeutic targets for IIH-related systemic complications.
Abstract

Keywords:
CardiometabolicCardiovascularIdiopathic Intracranial HypertensionObesityPseudotumor Cerebri

More Related Videos

Intracranial Pressure Monitoring In Nontraumatic Intraventricular Hemorrhage Rodent Model08:18

Intracranial Pressure Monitoring In Nontraumatic Intraventricular Hemorrhage Rodent Model

Published on: February 8, 2022

2.3K
Evaluation of Hydration Status by Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease Undergoing Exercise Stress Test10:21

Evaluation of Hydration Status by Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease Undergoing Exercise Stress Test

Published on: September 22, 2023

554

Related Concept Videos

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
1.8K
Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
886
Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component...
27
Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins...
20