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Target cell tension regulates macrophage trogocytosis.

Caitlin E Cornell, Aymeric Chorlay, Deepak Krishnamurthy

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    Summary

    Target cell cortical tension dictates whether macrophages perform trogocytosis or phagocytosis. Lower tension favors trogocytosis, while higher tension promotes phagocytosis, offering insights into immune cell interactions.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Cell Biology
    • Biophysics

    Background:

    • Macrophages engulf cellular material through phagocytosis and trogocytose (engulfing membrane fragments).
    • The factors determining whether macrophages choose trogocytosis over phagocytosis remain largely unknown.
    • Understanding this choice is crucial for comprehending immune surveillance and response.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of target cell cortical tension in regulating macrophage trogocytosis versus phagocytosis.
    • To identify mechanical cues that influence the decision between trogocytosis and phagocytosis.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized antibody-opsonized cells and model vesicles with varying membrane tensions.
    • Manipulated target cell cortical tension and stiffness.
    • Observed macrophage engulfment behavior using microscopy.
    • Developed a mechanical model to describe trogocytosis.

    Main Results:

    • Macrophages preferentially trogocytose antibody-opsonized cells at low target cell cortical tension.
    • Macrophages shift towards phagocytosis when target cell membrane tension is increased.
    • Increased target cell cortical stiffness also biases macrophages towards phagocytosis.
    • Higher antibody surface density can counteract the phagocytosis-promoting effect of increased tension.

    Conclusions:

    • Target cell cortical tension is a critical determinant of macrophage trogocytosis versus phagocytosis.
    • A distinct molecular pathway for trogocytosis may not be necessary to explain differential engulfment.
    • Target cells possess a mechanism to modulate macrophage engulfment behavior through mechanical properties.