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Spatially defined microenvironment for engineering organoids.

Yilan Zhang¹, Fukang Qi¹, Peng Chen¹

¹The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.

Biophysics Reviews

|December 16, 2024

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Organoid engineering can create functional tissues by controlling spatial cues. This approach moves beyond spontaneous self-organization for better tissue development and applications.

Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Developmental Biology
Tissue Engineering

Background:

Multicellular organisms develop from single cells guided by spatial cues.
Current organoid technology relies on spontaneous self-organization, often resulting in disordered structures.
Existing organoids have limitations in creating large-scale constructs and complex microphysiological systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore organoid engineering strategies focusing on spatial microenvironmental control.
To investigate the potential of guided interventions in organoid development.
To highlight molecular principles, outcomes, and applications of spatial control in organoid engineering.

Main Methods:

Reviewing recent discoveries in spatial definition of growth factors for organoid growth and assembloid formation.

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2025

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Discussing the minimal exploration of other spatial microenvironmental cues like physical stresses and material composition.

Analyzing the principles and potential applications of engineered organoids with controlled spatial microenvironments.

Main Results:

Spatial definition of growth factors can induce directional growth and create assembloids with multiple identities.
Controlled spatial cues offer a pathway for innovative engineering of higher-order organoids.
Systematic guided intervention in organoid development is underexplored but promising.

Conclusions:

Spatial microenvironmental control is key to advancing organoid engineering beyond current limitations.
This approach holds potential for creating functional, large-scale tissue constructs and microphysiological systems.
Future research should focus on integrating various spatial cues for enhanced organoid development and applications.