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Normative and informational confidence matching.

Maja Friedemann1, Dan Bang1, Nick Yeung1

  • 1Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Social confidence matching is driven by both genuine belief changes and public expression adjustments. This study reveals how informational and normative factors influence confidence in social contexts.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Social neuroscience
  • Metacognition

Background:

  • Individuals' confidence judgments align with others over time in social tasks.
  • The underlying mechanisms of this 'confidence matching' phenomenon require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate between informational and normative drivers of confidence matching.
  • To investigate how social context influences private confidence recalibration versus public expression adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were designed to isolate informational and normative influences on confidence.
  • Participants' private confidence (via information-seeking behavior) and public confidence (reports) were measured.

Main Results:

  • Both informational and normative factors were found to drive confidence matching.
  • Informational factors led to genuine recalibration of private confidence, evident in information-seeking behavior.
  • Normative factors influenced public confidence reports without altering private confidence assessments when feedback and joint decisions were involved.

Conclusions:

  • Confidence is flexible and context-dependent, influenced by both genuine belief updates and social signaling.
  • Understanding metacognitive processes requires consideration of social dynamics and adaptive confidence expression.