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Diabetes Mellitus and Prostate Cancer Risk-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Agnieszka Drab1, Krystian Wdowiak2, Wiesław Kanadys2
1Chair of Preclinical Sciences, Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
Diabetes mellitus is linked to a lower risk of developing prostate cancer, according to a meta-analysis of recent studies. However, a family history of prostate cancer increases risk.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Endocrinology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Prostate cancer is a major global health concern, being the second most diagnosed malignancy.
- Understanding risk factors, such as diabetes mellitus, is crucial for public health strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and perform a meta-analysis on the association between diabetes mellitus and prostate cancer risk.
- To synthesize evidence from recent observational studies.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library (1998-2024).
- Risk of bias assessment using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
- Meta-analysis conducted using a random-effect model (DerSimonian-Laird).
- Heterogeneity assessed using forest plots, Q test, and I² index.
Main Results:
- Included 43 studies with 3,746,769 participants.
- Both case-control and cohort studies indicated a reduced risk of prostate cancer in individuals with diabetes mellitus.
- Significant heterogeneity was observed across studies (p < 0.05).
- A family history of prostate cancer was associated with a significantly higher risk (pRR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.16-1.35).
Conclusions:
- Diabetes mellitus is associated with a reduced risk of developing prostate cancer.
- Findings are based on a meta-analysis of recent observational studies.
- Further research may be warranted to explore the mechanisms underlying this association.
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