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Molecular Characterization of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses in Sheep and Goats: A Systematic Review
Paola Gobbi1,2, Silvia Pavone1, Massimiliano Orso3
1National Reference Laboratory for Ruminant Retroviruses, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati" (IZSUM), Via G. Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI
|December 17, 2024
Summary
Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) cause significant economic losses. This review analyzes molecular detection methods, genomic targets, and phylogenetic analysis to understand SRLV evolution and improve diagnostics.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Molecular Epidemiology
- Genomics
Background:
- Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) cause chronic, multisystemic diseases impacting flock productivity and the economy.
- High genetic variability of SRLVs complicates strain classification and diagnostic accuracy.
- Previous studies highlight the need for a systematic review of molecular and phylogenetic approaches.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review molecular detection matrices, genomic targets, and phylogenetic analysis software for SRLVs.
- To assess the geographical distribution and temporal evolution of SRLV genotypes and subgenotypes.
- To compare diagnostic approaches, identify research gaps, and examine recombination and compartmentalization in SRLV phylogenesis.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review focusing on molecular detection and phylogenetic studies of SRLVs.
- Analysis of various sample matrices used for viral detection.
- Evaluation of commonly targeted genomic regions and phylogenetic analysis software.
- Assessment of geographical data and temporal trends of identified genotypes.
Main Results:
- Identified diverse matrices and genomic regions used for SRLV molecular detection.
- Assessed the strengths and limitations of different diagnostic and phylogenetic methods.
- Documented the geographical distribution and temporal dynamics of SRLV genotypes.
- Highlighted the role of recombination and compartmentalization in SRLV evolution.
Conclusions:
- A comprehensive understanding of SRLV molecular detection and phylogenesis is crucial for accurate diagnostics and disease management.
- Further research is needed to address identified gaps in diagnostic methods and phylogenetic analyses.
- This review provides an updated overview to guide future SRLV research and control strategies.
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