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Screening of a Fraction with Higher Amyloid β Aggregation Inhibitory Activity from a Library Containing 210 Mushroom

Gegentuya Huanood1, Mahadeva M M Swamy2, Rina Sasaki1

  • 1Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran 050-8585, Japan.

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Summary

Mushrooms show promise for Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevention. A study identified a mushroom extract fraction that effectively inhibits amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation, a key factor in AD pathology.

Keywords:
Alzheimer’s diseaseamyloid βinhibitormushroomnatural compoundsquantum dot nanoprobes

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Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.
  • Amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation is a hallmark of AD, making inhibitors crucial for prevention and treatment.
  • Medicinal mushrooms possess diverse bioactive compounds with potential therapeutic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To screen natural mushrooms for amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation inhibitory activity.
  • To evaluate the neuroprotective effects of potent mushroom extracts against Aβ-induced cytotoxicity.
  • To identify and characterize specific fractions with high Aβ aggregation inhibitory potential.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a microliter-scale high-throughput screening (MSHTS) system using quantum dot (QD) nanoprobes.
  • Screening of 210 natural mushroom samples from Hokkaido, Japan.
  • Extraction, purification, and bioactivity assessment of selected mushroom species (Elfvingia applanata, Fuscoporia obliqua) using ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and silica gel column chromatography.

Main Results:

  • Eleven mushroom samples exhibited high Aβ aggregation inhibitory activity.
  • The ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract of Elfvingia applanata showed significant Aβ aggregation inhibition.
  • Fraction 5 (f5) of the EtOAc extract demonstrated the highest inhibitory activity (EC50 = 2.30 µg/mL), surpassing rosmarinic acid.
  • The f5 fraction also inhibited Aβ aggregate deposition on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.

Conclusions:

  • Specific mushroom fractions, particularly f5 from Elfvingia applanata, possess potent Aβ aggregation inhibitory properties.
  • These findings suggest potential synergistic effects among compounds within the mushroom extract.
  • Further investigation of f5 may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease prevention.