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Integrated Field Lysimetry and Porewater Sampling for Evaluation of Chemical Mobility in Soils and Established Vegetation

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Major and Trace Airborne Elements and Ecological Risk Assessment: Georgia Moss Survey 2019-2023.

Omari Chaligava^1,2,3, Inga Zinicovscaia^1,4, Alexandra Peshkova^1,2

¹Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 6 Joliot-Curie Str., 141980 Dubna, Russia.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

|December 17, 2024

Summary

Moss biomonitoring in Georgia reveals significant air pollution hotspots, particularly from mercury and cadmium. This study provides crucial data on elemental contamination and temporal air quality trends.

Keywords:

DMA-80 Milestone Georgia ICP-AES air pollution moss biomonitoring trace elements

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Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Biomonitoring
Geochemistry

Background:

Air pollution impacts natural ecosystems and human health.
Mosses are effective bioindicators for atmospheric deposition of pollutants.
Georgia's diverse geography presents unique challenges for air quality assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess air pollution levels in Georgia using moss biomonitoring.
To identify sources and spatial distribution of elemental contamination.
To analyze temporal trends in air quality by comparing current data with previous surveys.

Main Methods:

Collection of 95 moss samples (primarily Hypnum cupressiforme) across Georgia (2019-2023).
Analysis of 14 elements using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and mercury using a Direct Mercury Analyzer.
Application of multivariate statistics (Principal Component Analysis) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for data interpretation and mapping.

Main Results:

Principal Component Analysis identified geogenic, anthropogenic, and local anomaly sources of pollution.
Pollution Load Index mapping revealed spatial distribution of contamination across Georgia.
Potential Environmental Risk Index indicated significant risks from mercury and cadmium in several locations.

Conclusions:

Moss biomonitoring is a valuable tool for assessing air pollution and identifying contamination hotspots in Georgia.
Temporal analysis indicates changes in air quality trends over time.
Findings support future biomonitoring research in diverse environmental settings.