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Effect of Physical Activity Interventions on Health Parameters in Children and Adolescents with Intellectual

Luis Maicas-Pérez1,2, Juan Hernández-Lougedo1,3,4, José Luis Maté-Muñoz1,5

  • 1NÌKE Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, International University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain.

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 17, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Physical activity interventions significantly improve health markers like body composition and fitness in adolescents with intellectual disability (ID). Higher frequency exercise programs show the most substantial benefits for this population.

Area of Science:

  • Exercise Science
  • Disability Studies
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Sedentary behaviors are common in individuals with intellectual disability (ID), leading to significant health issues such as obesity and musculoskeletal problems.
  • Addressing these health concerns is crucial for improving the daily lives and overall well-being of children and adolescents with ID.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the impact of physical activity (PA) interventions on the health of children and adolescents diagnosed with intellectual disability (ID).
  • To identify effective PA strategies and their outcomes on body composition, physical fitness, bone health, metabolic indicators, and quality of life.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines was conducted.
  • Searches were performed across Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus databases for studies published between January 2013 and October 2024.
  • Included were 17 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving individuals aged 13-24 with ID, focusing on various PA interventions.

Main Results:

  • Physical activity interventions demonstrated a positive correlation with improved health markers in individuals with ID.
  • Diverse PA programs, including strength and high-intensity training, led to significant enhancements in body composition, physical fitness, and bone mineral density.
  • PA programs with a higher frequency (at least three sessions per week) resulted in more pronounced health benefits.

Conclusions:

  • Adapted physical activity interventions hold significant potential for mitigating health challenges and enhancing the quality of life for individuals with intellectual disability.
  • Further research is recommended to develop standardized guidelines for effective PA interventions tailored to this population.

Keywords:
adapted physical activityadapted sportshealthinclusive environmentintellectual disabilitypsychomotor developmentquality of life impactsocial inclusionsystematic review

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