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Related Concept Videos

Strength of Cement01:20

Strength of Cement

122
Strength tests for cement are not performed directly on neat cement paste due to difficulty in obtaining consistent, reliable specimens. Instead, cement is typically tested in the form of cement-sand mortar.
For compressive strength tests, ASTM C 109-05 standards prescribe a cement-sand mix ratio of 1:2.75 and a water/cement ratio of 0.485 for making 2-inch cubes. These cubes are mixed, cast, and cured in saturated lime water at 23°C until testing. Flexural strength testing, outlined in...
122
Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability01:14

Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability

72
This example deals with managing the workability of concrete for a raft foundation project under hot weather conditions. Workability is crucial for ensuring the concrete is easy to place, compact, and finish. In this scenario, a slump test — a common method to measure the workability of fresh concrete — initially indicated low workability. This was attributed to the rapid water loss from the concrete mix, exacerbated by the high temperatures causing the course aggregates to heat up.
72
Cold Weather Concreting01:27

Cold Weather Concreting

56
When freshly poured concrete is exposed to freezing temperatures before it has set, the water within the concrete can freeze. This expansion disrupts the setting process, delays chemical reactions necessary for hardening, and increases the volume of pores within the hardened concrete, which weakens its overall structure. If the concrete manages to reach an appreciable strength before it freezes, the damage can be somewhat mitigated.
To counteract the negative impacts of cold weather, ensuring...
56
Hot Weather Concreting01:20

Hot Weather Concreting

53
Concreting at elevated temperatures accelerates the hydration process, leading to quicker setting but potentially reducing the long-term strength of the concrete structure. Additionally, low air humidity fosters rapid moisture loss from the concrete, resulting in reduced workability, pronounced plastic shrinkage, and a higher likelihood of crazing.
Mitigating the heat increase in concrete can be economically achieved by shading aggregate stockpiles to prevent heating from solar radiation,...
53
Testing Water Quality01:14

Testing Water Quality

103
When the quality of water for concrete preparation is uncertain, its impact on the setting time of cement and compressive strength of mortar is assessed by comparison with de-ionized or distilled water benchmarks. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) C1602 requires the setting times to be within 90 minutes of the control, British Standard (BS) 3146:1980 allows a 30-minute variance in the initial setting, while British Standards European Norm (BS EN) 1008 specifies initial setting...
103
Frost Resistant Concrete01:29

Frost Resistant Concrete

74
Concrete's susceptibility to frost damage during freeze-thaw cycles demands strategic measures to enhance its frost resistance. Employing techniques like air entrainment, adjusting the water-cement ratio, proper curing, and selecting appropriate aggregates are essential.
Introducing microscopic air bubbles into the concrete mix through air entrainment creates small voids that accommodate ice expansion, thereby reducing internal pressures and preventing cracking. The optimal amount of...
74

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Predicting Catalyst Extrudate Breakage Based on the Modulus of Rupture
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Evaluation of Concrete Compressive Strength Prediction Using the Maturity Method Incorporating Various Curing

Gum-Sung Ryu1, Gi-Hong An1, Yong-Sik Yoon2

  • 1Department of Structural Engineering Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Goyang 10223, Republic of Korea.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 17, 2024
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Summary

Predicting concrete compressive strength is more accurate at 20°C and 40°C curing temperatures. The maturity method combined with strength-maturity relationships effectively forecasts concrete strength under specific conditions.

Keywords:
binder contentcompressive strengthcuring temperaturematurity methodpredictive modeling

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Area of Science:

  • Civil Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Construction Technology

Background:

  • Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is a primary binder in concrete.
  • Ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) and fly ash are supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) used to enhance concrete properties.
  • Concrete compressive strength development is influenced by curing temperature, binder content, and SCM mixture ratios.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically analyze the impact of curing temperatures, binder content, and GGBFS/fly ash ratios on concrete compressive strength.
  • To evaluate concrete strength characteristics using the maturity method, normalized to 28 days at 20°C.
  • To develop and validate a predictive model for concrete compressive strength based on maturity.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental investigation of concrete mixtures with varying OPC, GGBFS, and fly ash proportions.
  • Application of the maturity method to estimate concrete strength development.
  • Development of a strength-maturity relationship model to predict compressive strength.
  • Analysis of experimental data to derive strength coefficients for key variables.

Main Results:

  • A predictive model for concrete compressive strength was developed using the maturity method.
  • High predictive accuracy (R² > 0.90) and low error rates (<10%) were achieved at curing temperatures of 20°C and 40°C.
  • Lower accuracy and higher error rates were observed at a low curing temperature of 5°C.
  • The model effectively predicted strength under specific curing and binder design conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The maturity method, coupled with the strength-maturity relationship, provides an effective tool for predicting concrete compressive strength.
  • Curing temperature significantly influences the accuracy of strength prediction; optimal performance is observed at moderate to higher temperatures.
  • The findings support optimized concrete mix design and quality control through predictive strength analysis.