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Influenza

Influenza

Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...

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Updated: Jun 17, 2026

High-throughput Detection Method for Influenza Virus

High-throughput Detection Method for Influenza Virus

Published on: February 4, 2012

High-Density Lipoprotein Predicts Intrahospital Mortality in Influenza.

Matthias Wolfgang Heinzl^1,2, Markus Freudenthaler^1,3, Paul Fellinger⁴

¹Department of Internal Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz (St. John of God Hospital Linz), 4020 Linz, Austria.

Journal of Clinical Medicine

|December 17, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in influenza patients indicate higher inflammation and predict increased mortality, particularly in males. This finding highlights HDL

Keywords:

HDL acute viral infection anti-inflammatory influenza lipid scavenging lipoproteins

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

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Published on: October 12, 2017

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Infectious Diseases
Clinical Medicine

Background:

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is recognized for its anti-inflammatory properties.
Low HDL levels are a negative prognostic marker in bacterial infections and sepsis.
The role of HDL in acute viral infections like influenza remains less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of HDL concentrations on inflammation and mortality in hospitalized influenza patients.
To determine if HDL levels are associated with disease severity and outcomes in influenza.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of 199 influenza patients from the 2018/19 and 2019/20 seasons.
Analysis of HDL concentrations, inflammatory markers, and mortality rates.
Statistical correlation and regression analyses to assess HDL's predictive value.

Main Results:

A mortality rate of 4.5% was observed in the study cohort.
Deceased patients exhibited significantly lower HDL concentrations compared to survivors (21 vs. 35 mg/dL).
Low HDL correlated with increased inflammation and independently predicted mortality in male patients.

Conclusions:

Low HDL upon hospital admission is linked to heightened inflammation in influenza patients.
HDL concentration serves as an independent negative predictor of mortality, especially in male influenza A patients.
Further research into HDL's role in viral infections is warranted.