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Performance Analysis of Cardioid and Omnidirectional Microphones in Spherical Sector Arrays for Coherent Source

Chibuzo Joseph Nnonyelu¹, Meng Jiang¹, Marianthi Adamopoulou¹

¹Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Mid Sweden University, 851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden.

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|December 17, 2024

Summary

Spherical sector microphone arrays using cardioid microphones improve modal strength and spatial resolution. This enhances direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation performance compared to traditional omnidirectional arrays.

Keywords:

cardioid microphones coherent sources hemispherical array spherical sector harmonics wideband sources

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Area of Science:

Acoustics
Signal Processing
Array Signal Processing

Background:

Traditional spherical sector microphone arrays with omnidirectional microphones have limitations in modal strength and spatial resolution.
Spherical sector harmonic (SSH) functions can extend spherical harmonic benefits to sector arrays.

Purpose of the Study:

To enhance spherical sector array performance using first-order cardioid microphones.
To analyze the impact of cardioid microphones on modal strength and spatial resolution.
To evaluate direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation performance.

Main Methods:

Development of a spherical sector array model using SSH functions.
Modal strength analysis comparing cardioid and omnidirectional microphones.
Direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation simulations for coherent wideband sources using array manifold interpolation.
Comparison of array performance in open and rigid hemispherical configurations.

Main Results:

Cardioid microphones in open spherical sectors enhance nonzero-order strengths and eliminate nulls.
Spatial resolution depends on array order and limiting polar angle, not microphone gain pattern.
Cardioid arrays outperform omnidirectional arrays in DOA estimation.
Hypercardioid microphones performed best in open configurations; subcardioid microphones in rigid configurations.

Conclusions:

Spherical sector arrays with first-order cardioid microphones offer improved modal strength and DOA estimation.
These arrays provide enhanced performance in spherical sector array processing compared to omnidirectional arrays.