Development of a Zynq-Based Seismic Acquisition Station for the Exploration of Antarctic Subglacial Lakes

The Antarctic region holds significant scientific research value and potential resources. Currently, limited research exists on the use of seismic exploration methods for Antarctic subglacial lakes compared to their use on other continents. Moreover, few reports are available on systems capable of multi-channel seismic data acquisition, remote data quality monitoring, and high-speed real-time data recycling in the extremely low temperatures of Antarctica. In this study, we developed a Zynq-based seismic acquisition station for polar exploration. The system features a compact design, lightweight construction, high data collection accuracy, excellent cold resistance, low power consumption, and real-time control. The software and hardware design of the system are described here, and validity testing is presented. The main controller utilizes a Zynq series system-on-chip integrated with an FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) and an ARM (Advanced RISC Machine), enabling functions such as local data storage on a secure digital card, Wi-Fi wireless human-machine interaction, and high-speed Ethernet data transmission. Furthermore, to enhance data acquisition accuracy under low-temperature conditions, a neural network was employed for the temperature drift correction of the analog-to-digital converter chip. The validity test results showed that the station operated stably, was easy to use, and met the high-standard requirements for polar exploration.