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A Crop Water Stress Index for Hazelnuts Using Low-Cost Infrared Thermometers.

Dalyn McCauley1, Sadie Keller2, Kody Transue1

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Summary

This study developed a practical crop water stress index (CWSI) model for hazelnut irrigation management using infrared thermometry. The model helps farmers optimize water use and improve crop yields, especially during droughts.

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Remote Sensing
  • Plant Physiology

Background:

  • Climate change increases irrigation challenges due to heat waves and droughts.
  • Advanced sensor technologies offer diverse methods for assessing crop water status.
  • Infrared thermometry is a non-destructive remote sensing technique for monitoring plant transpiration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Develop a crop water stress index (CWSI) model for European hazelnuts (Corylus avellana).
  • Validate the CWSI model using plant water status metrics.
  • Provide hazelnut farmers with a practical tool for irrigation management.

Main Methods:

  • Applied infrared thermometry to monitor hazelnut transpiration.
  • Developed a CWSI model using low-cost, open-source infrared thermometers and data loggers.
  • Validated the CWSI model against stem water potential and gas exchange measurements.

Main Results:

  • Validated CWSI model showed low plant stress (CWSI < 0.2) when stem water potential was below -6 bar.
  • Leaf conductance rates ranged from 0.1 to 0.4 mol m² s⁻¹ under non-stressed conditions.
  • Un-irrigated hazelnuts showed stress (CWSI > 0.2) from mid-July, while irrigated plants remained unstressed.

Conclusions:

  • The developed CWSI model provides an effective method for assessing hazelnut water status.
  • Farmers can use leaf conductance (>0.2 mol m² s⁻¹) or water potential (>-6 bar) thresholds for irrigation decisions.
  • Low-cost sensor technology can significantly improve agricultural monitoring and irrigation efficiency for hazelnut production.