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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2025

Ion-Exchange Membranes for the Fabrication of Reverse Electrodialysis Device

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Published on: July 20, 2021

Autonomous online optimization of a closed-circuit reverse osmosis system.

Dhrubajit Chowdhury¹, Aurora Kuras^2,3, Tani Cath²

¹Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.

Water Research X

|December 17, 2024

Summary

This study introduces extremum seeking control for optimizing closed-circuit reverse osmosis (CCRO) systems. The automated technique balances energy efficiency and brine disposal costs for water reuse, crucial amid freshwater scarcity.

Keywords:

Automation Control Desalination Premise-scale water treatment Process optimization

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Area of Science:

Environmental Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Process Control

Background:

Freshwater scarcity drives industrial and municipal water reuse.
Closed-circuit reverse osmosis (CCRO) is a promising premise-scale water treatment technology.
CCRO enables higher brine salinity operation through recycle flow.

Purpose of the Study:

To experimentally evaluate an automatic technique for continuous online optimization of CCRO systems.
To adapt extremum seeking control for the sequential batch operation of CCRO.
To optimize the trade-off between brine disposal costs and energy efficiency in CCRO.

Main Methods:

Experimental evaluation of extremum seeking control (ESC).
Modification of ESC for sequential batch processes.
Online optimization of maximum membrane surface salinity.

Main Results:

Demonstrated the feasibility of using extremum seeking control for CCRO optimization.
Identified advantages and drawbacks of ESC in CCRO applications.
Showcased the adaptability of ESC to changing feed water composition and electricity prices.

Conclusions:

Extremum seeking control is a viable, automated method for optimizing CCRO systems.
ESC can dynamically adjust CCRO operation for cost and energy efficiency.
Further research can enhance ESC's application in the water industry.