Small molecule protein assembly modulators with pan-cancer therapeutic efficacy

Two structurally unrelated small molecule chemotypes, represented by compounds PAV-617 and PAV-951, with antiviral activity in cell culture against Mpox virus (formerly known as monkeypox virus) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) respectively, were studied for anti-cancer efficacy. Each exhibited apparent pan-cancer cytotoxicity with reasonable pharmacokinetics. Non-toxicity is demonstrated in a non-cancer cell line and in mice at doses achieving drug exposure at active concentrations. Anti-tumour properties of both chemotypes were validated in mouse xenografts against A549 human lung cancer and, for one of the chemotypes, against HT-29 colorectal cancer. The targets of these compounds are unconventional: each binds to a different transient, energy-dependent multi-protein complex. Treatment with these compounds alters the target multi-protein complexes in a manner that appears to remove a block, crucial for cancer survival and progression, on a homeostatic linkage between uncontrolled proliferation and apoptosis. These compounds provide starting points for development of novel, next-generation, non-toxic, pan-cancer therapeutics.