Investigating Task-Free Functional Connectivity Patterns in Newborns Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy.

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Developmental Neuroscience
• Pediatric Neurology

Background:

• Resting-state networks (RSNs), especially the sensorimotor network, mature significantly during the third trimester and by term-age.
• Sensorimotor RSN integrity is crucial for neonatal neurological health and optimal neurodevelopmental outcomes.
• Understanding normative variations in RSNs is key for assessing healthy infant development.

Purpose of the Study:

• To map the developmental trajectory of the sensorimotor RSN in awake neonates.
• To utilize functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) for this investigation.
• To explore age-related changes in functional connectivity within this critical network.

Main Methods:

• Acquired fNIRS resting-state data from 41 healthy newborns within their first week of life.
• Analyzed data using both single-channel and hemispheric approaches.
• Investigated associations between functional connectivity and gestational/postnatal age, controlling for sex.

Main Results:

• Observed robust positive connectivity within the sensorimotor network, particularly in the left hemisphere.
• Found significant associations between both gestational and postnatal age and changes in sensorimotor RSN functional connectivity.
• Demonstrated a significant positive relationship between interhemispheric connectivity and postnatal age.

Conclusions:

• fNIRS is effective for monitoring early developmental changes in functional brain networks in awake newborns.
• Findings highlight the dynamic maturation of the sensorimotor network in early infancy.
• This research provides insights into normative brain development in neonates.