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Analyzing Responses of Mouse Olfactory Sensory Neurons Using the Air-phase Electroolfactogram Recording
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Olfactory Evoked Potential Monitoring: Technical Note and Challenges Faced.

Bujji Karre1, Gopalakrishnan M Sasidharan

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Summary

Developing flexible silver electrodes for olfactory nerve monitoring during surgery is feasible. However, detecting the subtle olfactory evoked potentials remains a significant challenge for neurophysiologic monitoring.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Neurophysiology
  • Sensory Monitoring

Background:

  • Intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring has advanced significantly, yet the olfactory pathway remains under-monitored.
  • Olfactory dysfunction post-neurosurgery, often due to physical damage, has underappreciated patient consequences.
  • Technical challenges impede effective neuromonitoring of the olfactory system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the construction of flexible bipolar silver ball electrodes for olfactory mucosa stimulation.
  • To suggest methods for overcoming challenges in eliciting olfactory evoked potentials during surgery.
  • To improve intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring of the olfactory pathway.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of difficulties in eliciting olfactory evoked potentials during neurosurgical operations.
  • Construction and description of a simple electrical stimulator electrode for the olfactory mucosa.
  • Application of electrodes and identification of potential recording sites for intraoperative detection.

Main Results:

  • Flexible, insulated bipolar silver electrodes were successfully created and placed bilaterally on the olfactory mucosa in 22 patients under endoscopic guidance.
  • Optimal electrode positioning was achieved atraumatically in under 10 minutes in most cases.
  • Challenges encountered and potential solutions for olfactory evoked potential detection were summarized.

Conclusions:

  • Electrical stimulation of the olfactory mucosa using custom silver electrodes is feasible and efficient for intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring setup.
  • Detecting the minute olfactory evoked potentials remains an elusive but critical goal for improving patient outcomes.