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A digital servo for ultra-stable laser frequency stabilization.

Zhengtao Liu1,2, Yu Wang1,2, Wenchao Ji3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96, Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, China.

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|December 18, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a fully digital servo system for ultra-stable laser frequency stabilization. This system achieves a fractional frequency stability of 10-16 at 1 second, crucial for advanced optical clock experiments.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Metrology
  • Optical Engineering

Background:

  • Ultra-stable laser frequency is critical for advanced experiments like optical clocks.
  • Existing servo systems face challenges in meeting high bandwidth, precision, and low noise demands.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a fully digital servo system optimized for ultra-stable laser frequency stabilization.
  • To meet the stringent requirements of optical clock experiments.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Pound-Drever-Hall method with an ultra-stable cavity for error signal generation.
  • Implemented a two-channel servo input: high bandwidth and high low-frequency gain.
  • Digitized the system using field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) with custom infinite impulse response (IIR) filters and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) algorithms.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a low latency of 120.5 ns and low input noise of 3.22 × 10⁻¹² V²/Hz@1 Hz.
  • Successfully locked an external-cavity diode laser to an ultra-low expansion ultra-stable cavity.
  • Attained a fractional frequency stability of 10⁻¹⁶@1s.

Conclusions:

  • The fully digital servo system enables high laser frequency stability required for optical clock experiments.
  • The servo's electrical noise contribution is minimal (5.54 × 10⁻¹⁸@1s).
  • This digital servo offers a robust solution for precise laser frequency control.