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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
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The Depth Estimation and Visualization of Dermatological Lesions: Development and Usability Study.

Pranav Parekh1, Richard Oyeleke1, Tejas Vishwanath2

  • 1Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, United States.

JMIR Dermatology
|December 18, 2024
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Summary

This study introduces a novel method for estimating skin lesion depth using AI and 3D holograms, improving melanoma diagnosis. The technique accurately differentiates benign and malignant lesions, offering a noninvasive tool for dermatologists.

Keywords:
MLMRXAIartificial intelligencecomputer graphicscomputer visionexplainable AImachine learningmixed realityneural networksred spot analysisvisualization

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Accurate skin lesion depth estimation is crucial for clinical staging, yet current methods are often approximate.
  • Noninvasive techniques for depth estimation from 2D images are needed, especially for rapidly growing malignant lesions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel methodology for skin lesion depth estimation and visualization using AI and 3D holograms.
  • To generate 3D visualizations aiding dermatologists in diagnosing melanoma and other skin conditions.
  • To provide a definite estimate and visualization procedure for skin lesions beyond current approximate methods.

Main Methods:

  • Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for lesion classification, coupled with explainable AI (gradient class activation mapping) for feature localization.
  • Computer graphics and depth from defocus methods for 3D structure and depth estimation from single images.
  • Red spot analysis for infection degree measurement and Gabor filters for volumetric depth map representation, culminating in conical hologram generation.

Main Results:

  • The combined CNN and explainable AI model achieved 86% accuracy in classifying lesions as benign or malignant.
  • Benign and malignant cases were successfully mapped to distinct conical representations, with malignant lesions showing deeper structures.
  • Dermatologists provided positive feedback, recognizing the potential clinical utility of the 3D hologram visualization for lesion depth estimation.

Conclusions:

  • Malignant lesions exhibit a higher concentration of red spots and deeper conical sections compared to benign lesions, correlating with CNN classification.
  • The qualitative assessment of the 3D holograms aligns with the initial AI-based classification, validating the method's accuracy.
  • The positive reception from dermatologists indicates the method's potential as a valuable clinical tool for noninvasive lesion depth assessment.