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Association between thyroid dysfunction and diabetic retinopathy: a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization

Jiali Chen1, Jianghao Xiong2, Fenfen Zhang1

  • 1School of Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330000, Jiangxi, China.

Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome
|December 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found that thyroid dysfunction, including hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, increases the risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Conversely, DR also elevates the risk of developing thyroid dysfunction, indicating a two-way causal link.

Keywords:
Diabetic retinopathyHyperthyroidismHypothyroidismMendelian RandomizationThyroid dysfunction

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss.
  • Thyroid dysfunction is a common endocrine disorder.
  • The causal relationship between thyroid dysfunction and DR remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the bidirectional causal relationship between thyroid dysfunction (hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism) and diabetic retinopathy (DR).
  • Utilize a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach with large-scale Genome-wide Association Study (GWAS) data.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study design.
  • Utilized GWAS data for thyroid dysfunction (hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism) and DR in European populations.
  • Applied inverse variance weighting (IVW) as the primary analysis, with MR-Egger, weighted median, and other methods for robustness checks.

Main Results:

  • Forward MR analysis showed hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism significantly increase the risk of DR (IVW ORs > 1, P < 0.001).
  • Reverse MR analysis indicated DR significantly increases the risk of developing hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism (IVW ORs > 1, P < 0.001).
  • Sensitivity analyses confirmed the reliability of the causal findings and ruled out significant pleiotropy.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides robust genetic evidence for a bidirectional causal relationship between thyroid dysfunction and diabetic retinopathy.
  • Findings suggest that managing thyroid health may be important for preventing or managing DR, and vice versa.