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Related Concept Videos

Microcracking in Concrete01:20

Microcracking in Concrete

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Microcracking in concrete refers to the tiny cracks that can form within the material even before any external load is applied. These microcracks typically occur at the interface between the coarse aggregate and the hydrated cement paste, often as a result of differential volume changes prompted by variations in stress-strain behavior, as well as thermal and moisture movement. Initially, these microcracks remain stable and do not grow substantially until the concrete is stressed to about 30...
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Behavior of Concrete Under Compressive Load01:23

Behavior of Concrete Under Compressive Load

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Concrete exhibits specific behaviors under different compressive loads. Understanding this is crucial for understanding its structural integrity. When concrete undergoes uniaxial compression, it tends to develop cracks that run parallel to the direction of the force. These parallel cracks stem from localized tensile stresses that occur perpendicular to the compression direction. Additionally, angled cracks may appear due to the formation of shear planes.
As the concrete specimen fractures under...
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Types of Non-structural Cracks in Concrete01:28

Types of Non-structural Cracks in Concrete

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Non-structural cracks are primarily of three types: plastic, early-age thermal, and drying shrinkage cracks. Plastic cracks are further classified into plastic shrinkage cracks and plastic settlement cracks.
Plastic shrinkage cracks typically form within hours after the concrete is poured. The concrete's surface dries faster than the bottom, creating tensile stress that the still-plastic concrete cannot withstand, leading to diagonal or randomly patterned cracks on the concrete surface.
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Stress Concentrations01:24

Stress Concentrations

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Stress concentration is when stress intensifies near discontinuities such as holes or abrupt cross-sectional changes in a structural member. This localized stress can often surpass the average stress within the member. The stress distribution in flat bars, either with a circular hole or varying widths connected by fillets, can be determined experimentally using a photoelastic method. The results are based on ratios of geometric parameters like the ratio of the hole's radius to the smaller...
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Deformations in a Transverse Cross Section01:21

Deformations in a Transverse Cross Section

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When a material is subjected to uniaxial stress, it elongates or contracts in the direction of the applied force, and also undergoes changes in the perpendicular directions. This behavior is crucial for understanding how materials behave under stress and is governed by mechanical properties such as Poisson's ratio v, which measures the ratio of transverse strain to axial strain.
As the material stretches, it expands or contracts in orthogonal directions to the load. This phenomenon varies...
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Unsymmetric Loading of Thin-Walled Members01:23

Unsymmetric Loading of Thin-Walled Members

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Thin-walled members with non-symmetrical cross-sections are vital to engineering structures, offering material efficiency and structural integrity. However, unsymmetrical loading on these members leads to complex stress distributions, resulting in simultaneous bending and twisting can cause deformation or structural failure. The interaction between bending and twisting requires detailed analysis to ensure structural resilience.
The concept of the shear center is crucial in countering the...
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Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material
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Crosslinking degree variations enable programming and controlling soft fracture via sideways cracking.

Miguel Angel Moreno-Mateos1, Paul Steinmann1,2

  • 1Institute of Applied Mechanics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.

Npj Computational Materials
|December 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The crosslinking degree in soft polymers influences fracture behavior, with higher crosslinking promoting sideways cracking. This study develops a model to control fracture anisotropy in soft materials for enhanced toughness.

Keywords:
Computational methodsEngineeringMechanical propertiesPolymers

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Physics
  • Fracture Mechanics

Background:

  • Large deformations in soft materials lead to complex fracture behaviors, including anisotropy.
  • Fracture anisotropy, such as sideways cracking, is linked to microstructural changes and strain-induced crystallization.
  • The effect of crosslinking degree on fracture anisotropy in elastomers is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between crosslinking degree and fracture anisotropy in soft elastomers.
  • To explore the synthesis parameters controlling the transition from forward to sideways cracking.
  • To develop a computational framework for predicting fracture behavior in soft composites.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental characterization of Elastosil P7670 with varying crosslinking degrees.
  • Development of a novel phase-field model for fracture incorporating crosslinking-dependent critical energy release rate.
  • Computational simulations of composite soft structures with varying crosslinking densities.

Main Results:

  • The tendency for sideways cracking in Elastosil P7670 increases with the degree of crosslinking.
  • A specific mixing ratio was identified for the transition between forward and sideways fracture modes.
  • The phase-field model accurately predicts fracture behavior in composite structures.

Conclusions:

  • Fracture anisotropy in soft polymers can be effectively modulated by controlling the crosslinking degree during synthesis.
  • Composite soft structures with tailored crosslinking offer enhanced fracture tolerance and tunable stiffness.
  • The developed computational framework serves as a virtual testbed for designing advanced soft materials with superior fracture resistance.