Cell-free DNA as a biomarker in cancer

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Molecular Diagnostics
• Biomarker Research

Background:

• Liquid biopsy is nearing clinical use, with circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) showing significant potential.
• ctDNA tests offer opportunities for earlier cancer detection and monitoring of minimal residual disease (MRD).
• Understanding ctDNA is crucial for guiding therapy choices and managing treatment resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the role of ctDNA as a validated biomarker in liquid biopsy.
• To discuss the requirements for establishing ctDNA in routine precision medicine.
• To summarize recent developments in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and its clinical applications in oncology.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on translational research of liquid biopsy.
• Analysis of current ctDNA test validity and clinical applications.
• Synthesis of recent advancements in cfDNA biomarker research.

Main Results:

• ctDNA tests are emerging as valid tools for early cancer detection and MRD monitoring.
• ctDNA analysis aids in identifying resistance development and guiding therapy selection.
• Significant progress has been made in cfDNA research and its clinical utility.

Conclusions:

• ctDNA is a key advanced biomarker in liquid biopsy, poised for clinical integration.
• Achieving widespread precision medicine requires further standardization and validation of ctDNA assays.
• Continued research into cfDNA will enhance its role as a clinical biomarker for cancer management.