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Related Concept Videos

Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses01:22

Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses

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The physiological function of a cell and cellular communication are outcomes of a range of extrinsic signals, intracellular signaling pathways, and cellular responses. No two cell types express the same repertoire of signaling components. Receptors are highly selective for their cognate ligands, but once activated, they can alter multiple cellular processes such as DNA transcription, protein synthesis, and metabolic activity. 
Graded and Abrupt Responses
Some signaling systems generate...
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Overview of Exosomes01:36

Overview of Exosomes

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Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
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Overview of Cell Signaling01:23

Overview of Cell Signaling

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Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate with the environment.
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Types of Signaling Molecules01:32

Types of Signaling Molecules

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In multicellular organisms, many molecules transmit signals between cells to pass information. These signals vary in complexity and include small peptides, nucleotides, steroids, fatty acid derivatives, and dissolved gases such as nitric oxide. Some signaling molecules diffuse through the plasma membrane to act locally between neighboring cells or travel long distances. Others remain attached to the cell surface, transmitting information to other cells only when they make contact. In some...
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Chemical Signaling in the Endocrine System01:08

Chemical Signaling in the Endocrine System

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A signaling cascade is a series of events that facilitates the transmission of information within or between cells, culminating in a targeted response in the recipient cell. As chemical messengers, hormones are pivotal in initiating and modulating these intricate signaling cascades based on their solubility.
Lipid-soluble hormones, such as steroid hormones, demonstrate an intracellular action. These hormones traverse cell membranes due to their lipid nature. Once inside the target cell, they...
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Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

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Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
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Updated: Jun 4, 2025

Characterization of Immune Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles and Studying Functional Impact on Cell Environment
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Characterization of Immune Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles and Studying Functional Impact on Cell Environment

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Hitting the target: cell signaling pathways modulation by extracellular vesicles.

Giada Cerrotti1, Sandra Buratta1, Raffaella Latella1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy.

Extracellular Vesicles and Circulating Nucleic Acids
|December 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles facilitating cell-to-cell communication. This review explores how EVs mediate crucial signaling pathways in mammalian cells, impacting development, homeostasis, and immunity.

Keywords:
EGFRExtracellular vesiclesHedgehogHippoNotchTGF-βWntexosomesmicrovesicles

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Characterizing Extracellular Vesicles from Biological Fluids
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Characterizing Extracellular Vesicles from Biological Fluids
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Characterizing Extracellular Vesicles from Biological Fluids

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles released by cells, involved in waste removal and intercellular communication.
  • EVs carry diverse molecular cargo, including lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites, influencing target cell signaling.
  • EVs mediate communication within tissues and between distant organs, impacting various biological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review studies on extracellular vesicle-mediated signaling in mammalian cells.
  • To focus on key signaling pathways regulated by EVs in organism development, organ homeostasis, cell differentiation, and immune response.
  • To highlight the emerging role of microbial and plant-derived EVs in host signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating EV-mediated signaling pathways.
  • Analysis of EV contents and their functional impact on target cells.
  • Focus on mammalian cell signaling pathways modulated by EVs.

Main Results:

  • EVs significantly influence morphogenetic, cytokine, and growth factor signaling pathways.
  • EV-mediated signaling is implicated in embryonic development, cancer, tissue repair, and immune responses.
  • Cross-kingdom communication via EVs from microbiota and plants affects mammalian cells.

Conclusions:

  • Extracellular vesicles are critical mediators of intercellular communication with broad biological implications.
  • Understanding EV signaling pathways is vital for comprehending development, homeostasis, and disease.
  • EVs represent a significant avenue for therapeutic and diagnostic strategies.