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Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways01:28

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Insulin action is mediated through a receptor tyrosine kinase, akin to the IGF-1 receptor. The number of receptors per cell varies significantly, from 40 on erythrocytes to 300,000 on adipocytes and hepatocytes. The insulin receptor consists of linked α/β subunit dimers, forming a heterotetramer glycoprotein with two extracellular α subunits and two β subunits spanning the membrane. The α subunits inhibit the inherent tyrosine kinase activity of the β subunits, but...
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Glucose Uptake Measurement and Response to Insulin Stimulation in In Vitro Cultured Human Primary Myotubes
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Induction on Insulin Resistance In Vitro.

Eng Leng Saw1

  • 1Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. elsaw@bu.edu.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|December 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details a method for inducing insulin resistance in human cardiac cells using palmitate and glucose. This cellular model helps research chronic metabolic disorders like type 2 diabetes and obesity.

Keywords:
AC16 human cardiac-derived cellsAKTGLUT-4GlucoseInsulin resistancePalmitate

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Differentiated Mouse Adipocytes in Primary Culture: A Model of Insulin Resistance
09:48

Differentiated Mouse Adipocytes in Primary Culture: A Model of Insulin Resistance

Published on: February 17, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Metabolic Research

Background:

  • Cellular models are vital preclinical tools for understanding disease mechanisms.
  • Palmitate, a saturated fatty acid, is commonly used to induce insulin resistance in vitro for studying metabolic disorders.
  • Insulin resistance is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline a procedure for inducing insulin resistance in AC16 human cardiac-derived cells.
  • To provide a reliable in vitro model for studying the effects of insulin resistance on cardiac cells.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing AC16 human cardiac-derived cells.
  • Applying elevated concentrations of palmitate and glucose to induce cellular insulin resistance.
  • Focusing on the modulation of the AKT/GLUT-4 signaling pathway.

Main Results:

  • Successfully induced insulin resistance in AC16 cells via palmitate and glucose treatment.
  • Demonstrated the targeted effect on the AKT/GLUT-4 signaling pathway.
  • Established a functional cellular model for metabolic disease research.

Conclusions:

  • The described method effectively creates an in vitro model of insulin resistance in human cardiac cells.
  • This model is suitable for investigating the mechanistic aspects of chronic metabolic disorders.
  • The AKT/GLUT-4 pathway is a key target for inducing and studying insulin resistance in this context.