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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
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Toxidromes are specific patterns of symptoms resulting from toxic substance exposure. They help in the identification and treatment of poisoning. The symptoms of each toxidrome group indicate poisoning by a certain class of chemicals or drugs.1. Sympathomimetic: Stimulates the sympathetic nervous system. Symptoms include agitation, increased heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), respiratory rate (RR), temperature, and pupil size. Drugs like cocaine and amphetamines, along with tremors and...
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Seizures are sudden bursts of abnormal electrical discharge in the brain that interfere with normal function. They are commonly divided into three groups: focal seizures, generalized seizures, and other types that do not fit neatly into either category.Focal SeizuresFocal seizures begin in a single brain region. When awareness is preserved, they are called focal aware seizures and may cause sensations such as tingling, unusual smells, or flashing lights. When awareness is impaired, they are...
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DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic...
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Tremors in cats: 105 cases (2004-2023).

T Liatis1, S F M Bhatti2, S De Decker1

  • 1Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of Hawkshead Ln, Brookmans Park, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK.

Veterinary Journal (London, England : 1997)
|December 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Common cat tremors stem from various causes like degenerative encephalopathy, feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), congenital portosystemic shunts, intoxications, and polyneuropathy. Identifying tremor types aids in diagnosing these underlying feline neurological conditions.

Keywords:
Cerebellar cortical degenerationFeline infectious peritonitisLysosomal storage diseasePermethrin intoxicationPortosystemic shunts

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Neurology
  • Feline Medicine

Background:

  • Neurological tremors are common in cats but their clinical features and causes are not well understood.
  • A comprehensive understanding of tremor etiologies is crucial for accurate feline diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the clinical features and underlying diagnoses of tremors in cats.
  • To provide clinically useful information for veterinarians diagnosing feline tremors.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective, single-center study of 105 cats with tremors (2004-2023).
  • Inclusion criteria: complete medical records, reported tremors, and a final/presumptive diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • Top diagnoses: degenerative encephalopathy (18.1%), feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) (16.2%), congenital portosystemic shunt (16.2%), intoxication (15.2%), and polyneuropathy (7.6%).
  • Degenerative encephalopathies (cerebellar cortical degeneration, lysosomal storage diseases) often presented with intention head tremors.
  • Intention head tremors also seen in FIP and thiamine deficiency; portosystemic shunt tremors varied; permethrin intoxication caused generalized tremors; polyneuropathy linked to generalized/limb tremors.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct tremor phenotypes in cats are associated with specific underlying neurological diagnoses.
  • Recognizing tremor types can guide veterinarians in diagnosing and managing feline neurological disorders effectively.